Isaiah 3:5 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: people, child · What happens: oppress, behave · To what, where: one

This is Isaiah 3:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, child — and what happens in the verse to one, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְנִגַּ֣שׂ הָעָ֔ם אִ֥ישׁ בְּאִ֖ישׁ וְאִ֣ישׁ בְּרֵעֵ֑הוּ יִרְהֲב֗וּ הַנַּ֙עַר֙ בַּזָּקֵ֔ן וְהַנִּקְלֶ֖ה בַּנִּכְבָּֽד׃

And the people shall oppress one another, every man his fellow, and every man his neighbour; the child shall behave insolently against the aged, and the base against the honourable,

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 נִגַּ֣שׂ	cc	and
2	נִגַּ֣שׂ	נָגַשׂ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it will oppress
3	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 עָ֔ם	det	the
4	עָ֔ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 נִגַּ֣שׂ	nsubj	people
5	אִ֥ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 נִגַּ֣שׂ	obl	each
6	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	7 אִ֖ישׁ	case	(in) a
7	אִ֖ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 אִ֥ישׁ	nmod	person
8	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	9 אִ֣ישׁ	cc	and
9	אִ֣ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	5 אִ֥ישׁ	conj	each
10	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	11 רֵע	case	(in)
11	רֵע	רֵעַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 אִ֣ישׁ	nmod	neighbor
12	ֵ֑הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 רֵע	nmod:poss	his
13	יִרְהֲב֗וּ	רָהַב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 נִגַּ֣שׂ	parataxis	they will act insolently
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 נַּ֙עַר֙	det	the
15	נַּ֙עַר֙	נַעַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יִרְהֲב֗וּ	nsubj	youth[s]
16	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	18 זָּקֵ֔ן	case	in
17	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	18 זָּקֵ֔ן	det	the old
18	זָּקֵ֔ן	זָקֵן	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 יִרְהֲב֗וּ	obl	[person]
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	21 נִּקְלֶ֖ה	cc	and
20	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	21 נִּקְלֶ֖ה	mark	[one
21	נִּקְלֶ֖ה	קָלָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing	13 יִרְהֲב֗וּ	conj	who is] lightly esteemed
22	בַּ	בְּ	ADP	_	24 נִּכְבָּֽד	case	in
23	ה	הַ	SCONJ	_	24 נִּכְבָּֽד	mark	[one
24	נִּכְבָּֽד	כָּבֵד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing	21 נִּקְלֶ֖ה	advcl	who is] honored
25	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	24 נִּכְבָּֽד	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
נִגַּשׂ it will oppress	weqatal · niphal	עָם people
יִרְהֲבוּ they will act insolently	yiqtol · qal	נַּעַר youth[s]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְיִתְגָרוּן עַמָא גְבַר בִּגְבַר וּגְבַר בְּחַבְרֵיהּ יִשְׁלְטוּן עוּלֵימַיָא בְּסָבָא וּדְשַׁיִט בִּדְיַקִיר:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the people shall oppress one another, every man his fellow, and every man his neighbour; the child shall behave insolently against the aged, and the base against the honourable,

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:57.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.3.5/