Isaiah 3:8 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: tongue, Judah · What happens: ruin, fall, be, provoke, glory · To what, where: Jerusalem, Judah, eyes
This is Isaiah 3:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — tongue, Judah — and what happens in the verse to Jerusalem, Judah, eyes, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
כִּ֤י כָשְׁלָה֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וִיהוּדָ֖ה נָפָ֑ל כִּֽי־לְשׁוֹנָ֤ם וּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶם֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה לַמְר֖וֹת עֵנֵ֥י כְבוֹדֽוֹ׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | כִּ֤י | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 2 כָשְׁלָה֙ | mark | (dm) |
| 2 | כָשְׁלָה֙ | כָּשַׁל | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | root | root | it has stumbled |
| 3 | יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם | יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם | PROPN | _ | 2 כָשְׁלָה֙ | nsubj | Jerusalem |
| 4 | וִ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 6 נָפָ֑ל | cc | and |
| 5 | יהוּדָ֖ה | יְהוּדָה | PROPN | _ | 6 נָפָ֑ל | nsubj | Judah |
| 6 | נָפָ֑ל | נָפַל | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3 | 2 כָשְׁלָה֙ | conj | it has fallen |
| 7 | כִּֽי־ | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 14 יְהוָ֔ה | mark | (dm) |
| 8 | לְשׁוֹנ | לָשׁוֹן | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 יְהוָ֔ה | nsubj | tongue |
| 9 | ָ֤ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 לְשׁוֹנ | nmod:poss | their |
| 10 | וּ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 11 מַֽעַלְלֵי | cc | and |
| 11 | מַֽעַלְלֵי | מַעֲלָל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 8 לְשׁוֹנ | conj | deeds |
| 12 | הֶם֙ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 מַֽעַלְלֵי | nmod:poss | their |
| 13 | אֶל־ | אֶל | ADP | _ | 14 יְהוָ֔ה | case | [are] against |
| 14 | יְהוָ֔ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 2 כָשְׁלָה֙ | advcl | Yahweh |
| 15 | לַ | לְ | ADP | _ | 16 מְר֖וֹת | case | to |
| 16 | מְר֖וֹת | מָרָה | VERB | HebBinyan=HIPHIL | 14 יְהוָ֔ה | advcl | rebel toward |
| 17 | עֵנֵ֥י | עַיִן | NOUN | Number=Dual | 16 מְר֖וֹת | obj | the eyes |
| 18 | כְבוֹד | כָּבוֹד | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 עֵנֵ֥י | compound:smixut | his glory |
| 19 | ֽוֹ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 כְבוֹד | nmod:poss | his |
| 20 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 19 ֽוֹ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- speech
- narration
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| כָשְׁלָה it has stumbled | qatal · qal | יְרוּשָׁלִַם Jerusalem | |||
| נָפָל it has fallen | qatal · qal | יהוּדָה Judah | |||
| מְרוֹת rebel toward | infinitive construct · hiphil | עֵנֵי the eyes | לְשׁוֹנ tongue + מַֽעַלְלֵי deeds |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
אֲרֵי אִתְקִילוּ יַתְבֵי יְרוּשְׁלֵם וֶאֱנַשׁ יְהוּדָה גָלוּ אֲרֵי מַמְלֵל פּוּמְהוֹן וַאֲגַר עוֹבָדֵיהוֹן גְלַן קֳדָם יְיָ וּמַרְגְזִין קֳדָם יְקָרֵיהּ:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:60.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.3.8/