Isaiah 31:1 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: Woe, chariots · What happens: go down, rely, trust, be, not look, seek · To what, where: Egypt, chariots, LORD

This is Isaiah 31:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Woe, chariots — and what happens in the verse to Egypt, chariots, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

ה֣וֹי הַיֹּרְדִ֤ים מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לְעֶזְרָ֔ה עַל־סוּסִ֖ים יִשָּׁעֵ֑נוּ וַיִּבְטְח֨וּ עַל־רֶ֜כֶב כִּ֣י רָ֗ב וְעַ֤ל פָּֽרָשִׁים֙ כִּֽי־עָצְמ֣וּ מְאֹ֔ד וְלֹ֤א שָׁעוּ֙ עַל־קְד֣וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א דָרָֽשׁוּ׃

Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help, and rely on horses, and trust in chariots, because they are many, and in horsemen, because they are exceeding mighty; but they look not unto the Holy One of Israel, neither seek the LORD!

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	ה֣וֹי	הוֹי	INTJ	_	root	root	woe to!
2	הַ	הַ	SCONJ	_	3 יֹּרְדִ֤ים	mark	[those
3	יֹּרְדִ֤ים	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	1 ה֣וֹי	parataxis	who] go down
4	מִצְרַ֙יִם֙	מִצְרַיִם	PROPN	_	3 יֹּרְדִ֤ים	obl	Egypt
5	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	6 עֶזְרָ֔ה	case	for
6	עֶזְרָ֔ה	עֶזְרָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	3 יֹּרְדִ֤ים	obl	help
7	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	8 סוּסִ֖ים	case	on
8	סוּסִ֖ים	סוּס	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	9 יִשָּׁעֵ֑נוּ	obl	horses
9	יִשָּׁעֵ֑נוּ	שָׁעַן	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 ה֣וֹי	parataxis	they depend
10	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יִּבְטְח֨וּ	cc	and
11	יִּבְטְח֨וּ	בָּטַח	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 ה֣וֹי	conj	they have relied
12	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	13 רֶ֜כֶב	case	on
13	רֶ֜כֶב	רֶכֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 יִּבְטְח֨וּ	obl	chariotry
14	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	15 רָ֗ב	mark	(dm)
15	רָ֗ב	רַב	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 ה֣וֹי	advcl	[it is] many
16	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	18 פָּֽרָשִׁים֙	cc	and
17	עַ֤ל	עַל	ADP	_	18 פָּֽרָשִׁים֙	case	on
18	פָּֽרָשִׁים֙	פָּרָשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	1 ה֣וֹי	conj	horsemen
19	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	20 עָצְמ֣וּ	mark	(dm)
20	עָצְמ֣וּ	עָצֹם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 ה֣וֹי	advcl	they are numerous
21	מְאֹ֔ד	מְאֹד	ADV	_	20 עָצְמ֣וּ	advmod	exceedingly
22	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 שָׁעוּ֙	cc	and
23	לֹ֤א	לֹא	ADV	_	24 שָׁעוּ֙	advmod	not
24	שָׁעוּ֙	שָׁעָה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 ה֣וֹי	conj	they look
25	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	26 קְד֣וֹשׁ	case	on
26	קְד֣וֹשׁ	קָדוֹשׁ	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 שָׁעוּ֙	obl	the holy [one]
27	יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	26 קְד֣וֹשׁ	compound:smixut	of Israel
28	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	32 דָרָֽשׁוּ	cc	and
29	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	30 יְהוָ֖ה	case	(et)
30	יְהוָ֖ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	32 דָרָֽשׁוּ	obj	Yahweh
31	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	32 דָרָֽשׁוּ	advmod	not
32	דָרָֽשׁוּ	דָּרַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 ה֣וֹי	conj	they seek
33	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	32 דָרָֽשׁוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יֹּרְדִים who] go down	participle active · qal
יִשָּׁעֵנוּ they depend	yiqtol · niphal	יֹּרְדִים who] go down
יִּבְטְחוּ they have relied	wayyiqtol · qal	יֹּרְדִים who] go down
עָצְמוּ they are numerous	qatal · qal	פָּֽרָשִׁים horsemen
not שָׁעוּ they look	qatal · qal	יֹּרְדִים who] go down
not דָרָֽשׁוּ they seek	qatal · qal	יֹּרְדִים who] go down	יְהוָה Yahweh

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַי דְנַחֲתִין לְמִצְרַיִם לְסָעִיד וְעַל סוּסְוָתָא מִסְתַּמְכִין וּמִתְרַחֲצִין עַל רְתִיכַיָא אֲרֵי סַגִיאִין וְעַל פָּרָשַׁיָא אֲרֵי תַקִיפִין לַחֲדָא וְלָא אִסְתְּמִיכוּ עַל מֵימַר קַדִישָׁא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וְאוּלְפַן מִן קֳדָם יְיָ לָא תְבָעוּ:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Woe to them that go down to Egypt for help, and rely on horses, and trust in chariots, because they are many, and in horsemen, because they are exceeding mighty; but they look not unto the Holy One of Israel, neither seek the LORD!

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:596.

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