Isaiah 41:23 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
Who acts: you, things, we, ye · What happens: declare, be, know, do, dismay, behold · To what, where: things, gods, good, evil, we, thing · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Isaiah 41:23 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, things, we, ye — and what happens in the verse to things, gods, good, evil, we, thing, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
הַגִּ֙ידוּ֙ הָאֹתִיּ֣וֹת לְאָח֔וֹר וְנֵ֣דְעָ֔ה כִּ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים אַתֶּ֑ם אַף־תֵּיטִ֣יבוּ וְתָרֵ֔עוּ וְנִשְׁתָּ֖עָה וְנִרְאֶ֥ה יַחְדָּֽו׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | הַגִּ֙ידוּ֙ | נָגַד | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2 | root | root | tell |
| 2 | הָ | הַ | SCONJ | _ | 3 אֹתִיּ֣וֹת | mark | the [things] |
| 3 | אֹתִיּ֣וֹת | אָתָה | VERB | Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 1 הַגִּ֙ידוּ֙ | obj | coming |
| 4 | לְ | לְ | ADP | _ | 5 אָח֔וֹר | case | to |
| 5 | אָח֔וֹר | אָחוֹר | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 3 אֹתִיּ֣וֹת | obl | afterwards |
| 6 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 7 נֵ֣דְעָ֔ה | cc | so |
| 7 | נֵ֣דְעָ֔ה | יָדַע | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1 | 1 הַגִּ֙ידוּ֙ | conj | that we may know |
| 8 | כִּ֥י | כִּי | SCONJ | _ | 9 אֱלֹהִ֖ים | mark | (dm) that |
| 9 | אֱלֹהִ֖ים | אֱלֹהִים | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 7 נֵ֣דְעָ֔ה | ccomp | [are] gods |
| 10 | אַתֶּ֑ם | אַתֶּם | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=2 PronType=Prs | 9 אֱלֹהִ֖ים | nsubj | you |
| 11 | אַף־ | אַף | ADV | _ | 12 תֵּיטִ֣יבוּ | advmod | also |
| 12 | תֵּיטִ֣יבוּ | יָטַב | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2 | 1 הַגִּ֙ידוּ֙ | parataxis | you will do good |
| 13 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 14 תָרֵ֔עוּ | cc | and |
| 14 | תָרֵ֔עוּ | רָעַע | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2 | 12 תֵּיטִ֣יבוּ | conj | you will do harm |
| 15 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 16 נִשְׁתָּ֖עָה | cc | so |
| 16 | נִשְׁתָּ֖עָה | שָׁעָה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1 | 12 תֵּיטִ֣יבוּ | conj | that we may fear |
| 17 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 18 נִרְאֶ֥ה | cc | and |
| 18 | נִרְאֶ֥ה | רָאָה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1 | 16 נִשְׁתָּ֖עָה | conj | so that we may see |
| 19 | יַחְדָּֽו | יָחְדָּו | ADV | _ | 18 נִרְאֶ֥ה | advmod | altogether |
| 20 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 19 יַחְדָּֽו | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| הַגִּידוּ tell | imperative · hiphil | אֹתִיּוֹת coming | |||
| נֵדְעָה that we may know | cohortative · qal | אֱלֹהִים [are] gods | |||
| תֵּיטִיבוּ you will do good | yiqtol · hiphil | ||||
| תָרֵעוּ you will do harm | yiqtol · hiphil | ||||
| נִשְׁתָּעָה that we may fear | cohortative · qal | ||||
| נִרְאֶה so that we may see | cohortative · qal |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
חֲווֹ דְאַתְיָן לְסוֹפָא וְנִדַע אִם לְטַעֲוָן דְאִית בְּהוֹן צְרוֹךְ אַתּוּן פָּלְחִין אִם יָכְלִין אִינוּן לְאֵיטָבָא וּלְאַבְאָשָׁא וְנִסְתַּכֵּיל וְנֵידוֹן כַּחֲדָא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:819.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.41.23/