Isaiah 41:22 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: you, reasons, things, ye, we · What happens: let, bring, declare, happen, be, consider · To what, where: reasons, things, end, us

This is Isaiah 41:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, reasons, things, ye, we — and what happens in the verse to reasons, things, end, us, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

יַגִּ֙ישׁוּ֙ וְיַגִּ֣ידוּ לָ֔נוּ אֵ֖ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּקְרֶ֑ינָה הָרִאשֹׁנ֣וֹת ׀ מָ֣ה הֵ֗נָּה הַגִּ֜ידוּ וְנָשִׂ֤ימָה לִבֵּ֙נוּ֙ וְנֵדְעָ֣ה אַחֲרִיתָ֔ן א֥וֹ הַבָּא֖וֹת הַשְׁמִיעֻֽנוּ׃

Let them bring them forth, and declare unto us the things that shall happen; the former things, what are they? Declare ye, that we may consider, and know the end of them; or announce to us things to come.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	יַגִּ֙ישׁוּ֙	נָגַשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	let them bring [them] near
2	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	3 יַגִּ֣ידוּ	cc	and
3	יַגִּ֣ידוּ	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	1 יַגִּ֙ישׁוּ֙	conj	let them tell
4	ל	לְ	ADP	_	5 ָ֔נוּ	case	to
5	ָ֔נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	3 יַגִּ֣ידוּ	obl	us
6	אֵ֖ת	אֵת	ADP	_	3 יַגִּ֣ידוּ	obj	(et)
7	אֲשֶׁ֣ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	8 תִּקְרֶ֑ינָה	mark	[the things] which
8	תִּקְרֶ֑ינָה	קָרָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	6 אֵ֖ת	acl:relcl	they will happen
9	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 רִאשֹׁנ֣וֹת	det	the former
10	רִאשֹׁנ֣וֹת	רִאשׁוֹן	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	14 הַגִּ֜ידוּ	dislocated	[things]
11	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	10 רִאשֹׁנ֣וֹת	punct
12	מָ֣ה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	14 הַגִּ֜ידוּ	ccomp	what?
13	הֵ֗נָּה	הֵנָּה	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 מָ֣ה	nsubj	[were] they
14	הַגִּ֜ידוּ	נָגַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2	1 יַגִּ֙ישׁוּ֙	parataxis	tell
15	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 נָשִׂ֤ימָה	cc	so
16	נָשִׂ֤ימָה	שׂים	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	1 יַגִּ֙ישׁוּ֙	conj	that we may set
17	לִבּ	לֵב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 נָשִׂ֤ימָה	obj	heart
18	ֵ֙נוּ֙	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	17 לִבּ	nmod:poss	our
19	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 נֵדְעָ֣ה	cc	and
20	נֵדְעָ֣ה	יָדַע	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	1 יַגִּ֙ישׁוּ֙	conj	so that we may know
21	אַחֲרִית	אַחֲרִית	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	20 נֵדְעָ֣ה	obj	end
22	ָ֔ן	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 אַחֲרִית	nmod:poss	their
23	א֥וֹ	אוֹ	CCONJ	_	26 הַשְׁמִיעֻֽ	cc	or
24	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	25 בָּא֖וֹת	det	the coming
25	בָּא֖וֹת	בּוֹא	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	26 הַשְׁמִיעֻֽ	xcomp	[things]
26	הַשְׁמִיעֻֽ	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=2	1 יַגִּ֙ישׁוּ֙	conj	proclaim
27	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	26 הַשְׁמִיעֻֽ	obj	to us
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 נוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: request
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
יַגִּישׁוּ let them bring [them] near	yiqtol · hiphil
יַגִּידוּ let them tell	yiqtol · hiphil	תִּקְרֶינָה they will happen
תִּקְרֶינָה they will happen	yiqtol · qal
הַגִּידוּ tell	imperative · hiphil	מָה what?
נָשִׂימָה that we may set	cohortative · qal		לִבּ heart
נֵדְעָה so that we may know	cohortative · qal		אַחֲרִית end
הַשְׁמִיעֻֽ proclaim	imperative · hiphil	נוּ to us	בָּאוֹת [things]

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

יִתְקָרְבוּן וִיחַווּן לָנָא יַת דְעַרְעִינָנָא קַדְמֵיתָא מַה אִינוּן הֲווֹ וּנְשַׁוֵי לִבְּנָא וְנֵדָע סוֹפְהוֹן אוֹ דַעֲתִידִין לְמֵיתֵי בַּסְרוּנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:818.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.41.22/