Isaiah 51:18 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ

Who acts: none, Jerusalem, any · What happens: be, guide, bring, take, bring up · To what, where: Jerusalem, sons

This is Isaiah 51:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — none, Jerusalem, any — and what happens in the verse to Jerusalem, sons, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 66 chapters of Isaiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

אֵין־מְנַהֵ֣ל לָ֔הּ מִכָּל־בָּנִ֖ים יָלָ֑דָה וְאֵ֤ין מַחֲזִיק֙ בְּיָדָ֔הּ מִכָּל־בָּנִ֖ים גִּדֵּֽלָה׃

There is none to guide her among all the sons whom she hath brought forth; neither is there any that taketh her by the hand of all the sons that she hath brought up.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	אֵין־	אַיִן	ADV	_	root	root	there [is] not
2	מְנַהֵ֣ל	נָהַל	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing	1 אֵין־	nsubj	[one who] leads
3	ל	לְ	ADP	_	4 ָ֔הּ	case	(to)
4	ָ֔הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 מְנַהֵ֣ל	obl	her
5	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	6 כָּל־	case	of
6	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 אֵין־	obl	all
7	בָּנִ֖ים	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 כָּל־	compound:smixut	[the] children
8	יָלָ֑דָה	יָלַד	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	6 כָּל־	acl	[whom] she has borne
9	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	10 אֵ֤ין	cc	and
10	אֵ֤ין	אַיִן	ADV	_	1 אֵין־	conj	there [is] not
11	מַחֲזִיק֙	חָזַק	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Sing	10 אֵ֤ין	nsubj	[one who] takes hold
12	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	13 יָד	case	on
13	יָד	יָד	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 מַחֲזִיק֙	obl	hand
14	ָ֔הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 יָד	nmod:poss	her
15	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	16 כָּל־	case	of
16	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	10 אֵ֤ין	obl	all
17	בָּנִ֖ים	בֵּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	16 כָּל־	compound:smixut	[the] children
18	גִּדֵּֽלָה	גָּדַל	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	16 כָּל־	acl	[whom] she has brought up
19	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	18 גִּדֵּֽלָה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: yes

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
יָלָדָה [whom] she has borne	qatal · qal		בָּנִים [the] children
גִּדֵּֽלָה [whom] she has brought up	qatal · piel		בָּנִים [the] children

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

לֵית דִמְנַחֵם לָהּ מִכָּל בְּנִין דִילֵידַת וְלֵית דְמַתְקִיף בִּידָהּ מִכָּל בְּנִין דְרַבִּיאַת:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

There is none to guide her among all the sons whom she hath brought forth; neither is there any that taketh her by the hand of all the sons that she hath brought up.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:ISA:1036.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.51.18/