Jeremiah 1:18 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: I · What happens: make · To what, where: fortified city, thee

This is Jeremiah 1:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to fortified city, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וַאֲנִ֞י הִנֵּ֧ה נְתַתִּ֣יךָ הַיּ֗וֹם לְעִ֨יר מִבְצָ֜ר וּלְעַמּ֥וּד בַּרְזֶ֛ל וּלְחֹמ֥וֹת נְחֹ֖שֶׁת עַל־כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ לְמַלְכֵ֤י יְהוּדָה֙ לְשָׂרֶ֔יהָ לְכֹהֲנֶ֖יהָ וּלְעַ֥ם הָאָֽרֶץ׃

For, behold, I have made thee this day a fortified city, and an iron pillar, and brazen walls, against the whole land, against the kings of Judah, against the princes thereof, against the priests thereof, and against the people of the land.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וַ	וְ	CCONJ	_	24 מַלְכֵ֤י	cc	and
2	אֲנִ֞י	אֲנִי	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	24 מַלְכֵ֤י	dislocated	I
3	הִנֵּ֧ה	הִנֵּה	INTJ	_	24 מַלְכֵ֤י	discourse	here!
4	נְתַתִּ֣י	נָתַן	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=1	24 מַלְכֵ֤י	parataxis	I
5	ךָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 נְתַתִּ֣י	obj	have made you
6	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 יּ֗וֹם	det	this
7	יּ֗וֹם	יוֹם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 נְתַתִּ֣י	obl	day
8	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	9 עִ֨יר	case	into
9	עִ֨יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	4 נְתַתִּ֣י	obl	a city
10	מִבְצָ֜ר	מִבְצָר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 עִ֨יר	compound:smixut	of fortification
11	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	13 עַמּ֥וּד	cc	and
12	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	13 עַמּ֥וּד	case	into
13	עַמּ֥וּד	עַמּוּד	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	9 עִ֨יר	conj	a pillar
14	בַּרְזֶ֛ל	בַּרְזֶל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	13 עַמּ֥וּד	compound:smixut	of iron
15	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	17 חֹמ֥וֹת	cc	and
16	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	17 חֹמ֥וֹת	case	into
17	חֹמ֥וֹת	חוֹמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	9 עִ֨יר	conj	walls
18	נְחֹ֖שֶׁת	נְחֹשֶׁת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	17 חֹמ֥וֹת	compound:smixut	of bronze
19	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	20 כָּל־	case	on
20	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 נְתַתִּ֣י	obl	all
21	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	22 אָ֑רֶץ	det	the
22	אָ֑רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 כָּל־	compound:smixut	land
23	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	24 מַלְכֵ֤י	case	to
24	מַלְכֵ֤י	מֶלֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	root	root	the kings
25	יְהוּדָה֙	יְהוּדָה	PROPN	_	24 מַלְכֵ֤י	compound:smixut	of Judah
26	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	27 שָׂרֶ֔י	case	to
27	שָׂרֶ֔י	שַׂר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	24 מַלְכֵ֤י	conj	officials
28	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 שָׂרֶ֔י	nmod:poss	its
29	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	30 כֹהֲנֶ֖י	case	to
30	כֹהֲנֶ֖י	כֹּהֵן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	24 מַלְכֵ֤י	conj	priests
31	הָ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	30 כֹהֲנֶ֖י	nmod:poss	its
32	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	34 עַ֥ם	cc	and
33	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	34 עַ֥ם	case	to
34	עַ֥ם	עַם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	24 מַלְכֵ֤י	conj	the people
35	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	36 אָֽרֶץ	det	of
36	אָֽרֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 עַ֥ם	compound:smixut	the land
37	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	36 אָֽרֶץ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
נְתַתִּי I	qatal · qal		ךָ have made you

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲנָא הָא יְהַבְתָּךְ יוֹמָא דֵין תַּקִיף כְּקִרְיָה כְרִיכָא וּכְעַמוּדָא דְבַרְזֶל וּכְשׁוּר דִנְחָשׁ לְאַשְׁקָאָה כָּס דִלְוָט לְכָל יַתְבֵי אַרְעָא לְמַלְכָּא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה לְרַבְרְבָהָא לְכַהֲנָהָא וּלְעַמָא דְאַרְעָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

For, behold, I have made thee this day a fortified city, and an iron pillar, and brazen walls, against the whole land, against the kings of Judah, against the princes thereof, against the priests thereof, and against the people of the land.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:17.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.1.18/