Jeremiah 12:4 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: land, herbs, wickedness, beasts · What happens: mourn, wither, dwell, consume, say, not see · To what, where: beasts, end · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Jeremiah 12:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — land, herbs, wickedness, beasts — and what happens in the verse to beasts, end, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

עַד־מָתַי֙ תֶּאֱבַ֣ל הָאָ֔רֶץ וְעֵ֥שֶׂב כָּל־הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה יִיבָ֑שׁ מֵרָעַ֣ת יֹֽשְׁבֵי־בָ֗הּ סָפְתָ֤ה בְהֵמוֹת֙ וָע֔וֹף כִּ֣י אָמְר֔וּ לֹ֥א יִרְאֶ֖ה אֶת־אַחֲרִיתֵֽנוּ׃

How long shall the land mourn, and the herbs of the whole field wither? For the wickedness of them that dwell therein, the beasts are consumed, and the birds; because they said: 'He seeth not our end.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	עַד־	עַד	ADP	_	3 תֶּאֱבַ֣ל	obl	until
2	מָתַי֙	מָתַי	PART	_	1 עַד־	advmod	when?
3	תֶּאֱבַ֣ל	אָבַל	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	will it dry up
4	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	5 אָ֔רֶץ	det	the
5	אָ֔רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 תֶּאֱבַ֣ל	nsubj	land
6	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 יִיבָ֑שׁ	cc	and
7	עֵ֥שֶׂב	עֵשֶׂב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 יִיבָ֑שׁ	nsubj	the vegetation
8	כָּל־	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	7 עֵ֥שֶׂב	compound:smixut	of every
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 שָּׂדֶ֖ה	det	(the)
10	שָּׂדֶ֖ה	שָׂדֶה	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 כָּל־	compound:smixut	field
11	יִיבָ֑שׁ	יָבֵשׁ	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 תֶּאֱבַ֣ל	conj	will it be dried up
12	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	13 רָעַ֣ת	case	from [the]
13	רָעַ֣ת	רָעָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	17 סָפְתָ֤ה	obl	evil
14	יֹֽשְׁבֵי־	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur	13 רָעַ֣ת	compound:smixut	of [those who] dwell
15	ב	בְּ	ADP	_	16 ָ֗הּ	case	in
16	ָ֗הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 יֹֽשְׁבֵי־	obl	it
17	סָפְתָ֤ה	סָפָה	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	3 תֶּאֱבַ֣ל	parataxis	it has dwindled away
18	בְהֵמוֹת֙	בְּהֵמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Plur	17 סָפְתָ֤ה	nsubj	animals
19	וָ	וְ	CCONJ	_	20 ע֔וֹף	cc	and
20	ע֔וֹף	עוֹף	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	18 בְהֵמוֹת֙	conj	bird[s]
21	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	22 אָמְר֔וּ	mark	(dm)
22	אָמְר֔וּ	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	3 תֶּאֱבַ֣ל	advcl	people have said
23	לֹ֥א	לֹא	ADV	_	24 יִרְאֶ֖ה	advmod	not
24	יִרְאֶ֖ה	רָאָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	22 אָמְר֔וּ	ccomp	he will see
25	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	26 אַחֲרִית	case	(et)
26	אַחֲרִית	אַחֲרִית	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	24 יִרְאֶ֖ה	obj	end
27	ֵֽנוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	26 אַחֲרִית	nmod:poss	our
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 ֵֽנוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: yes
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
תֶּאֱבַל will it dry up	yiqtol · qal	אָרֶץ land
יִיבָשׁ will it be dried up	yiqtol · qal	עֵשֶׂב the vegetation
סָפְתָה it has dwindled away	qatal · qal	בְהֵמוֹת animals + עוֹף bird[s]
אָמְרוּ people have said	qatal · qal
not יִרְאֶה he will see	yiqtol · qal		אַחֲרִית end

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

עַד אֵימָתַי תֶּחֱרוֹב אַרְעָא וְעִשְׂבָּא דְכָל חַקְלָא יִיבַשׁ מֵחוֹבֵי רַשִׁיעַיָא דְיַתְבוּן בָּהּ סַף בְּעִירָא וְעוֹפָא אֲרֵי אֲמַרוּ לָא גְלֵי קֳדָמוֹהִי סוֹפָנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:305.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.12.4/