Jeremiah 22:8 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: many nations, nations, LORD · What happens: pass, say, do · To what, where: man · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Jeremiah 22:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — many nations, nations, LORD — and what happens in the verse to man, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְעָֽבְרוּ֙ גּוֹיִ֣ם רַבִּ֔ים עַ֖ל הָעִ֣יר הַזֹּ֑את וְאָֽמְרוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֔הוּ עַל־מֶ֨ה עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ כָּ֔כָה לָעִ֥יר הַגְּדוֹלָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃

And many nations shall pass by this city, and they shall say every man to his neighbour: 'Wherefore hath the LORD done thus unto this great city?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 עָֽבְרוּ֙	cc	and
2	עָֽבְרוּ֙	עָבַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	root	root	they will pass by
3	גּוֹיִ֣ם	גּוֹי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	2 עָֽבְרוּ֙	nsubj	nations
4	רַבִּ֔ים	רַב	ADJ	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	3 גּוֹיִ֣ם	amod	many
5	עַ֖ל	עַל	ADP	_	7 עִ֣יר	case	at
6	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	7 עִ֣יר	det	the
7	עִ֣יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	2 עָֽבְרוּ֙	obl	city
8	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	9 זֹּ֑את	det	(the)
9	זֹּ֑את	זֹאת	DET	Gender=Fem Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 עִ֣יר	det	this
10	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 אָֽמְרוּ֙	cc	and
11	אָֽמְרוּ֙	אָמַר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3	2 עָֽבְרוּ֙	conj	they will say
12	אִ֣ישׁ	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 אָֽמְרוּ֙	obl	each
13	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	14 רֵע	case	to
14	רֵע	רֵעַ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	12 אִ֣ישׁ	nmod	neighbor
15	ֵ֔הוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 רֵע	nmod:poss	his
16	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	17 מֶ֨ה	case	concerning
17	מֶ֨ה	מָה	PRON	PronType=Int	18 עָשָׂ֤ה	obl	what?
18	עָשָׂ֤ה	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	11 אָֽמְרוּ֙	ccomp	did he do
19	יְהוָה֙	יהוה	PROPN	_	18 עָשָׂ֤ה	nsubj	Yahweh
20	כָּ֔כָה	כָּכָה	ADV	_	18 עָשָׂ֤ה	advmod	thus
21	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	23 עִ֥יר	case	to
22	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	23 עִ֥יר	det	the
23	עִ֥יר	עִיר	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	18 עָשָׂ֤ה	obl	city
24	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	25 גְּדוֹלָ֖ה	det	(the)
25	גְּדוֹלָ֖ה	גָּדוֹל	ADJ	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	23 עִ֥יר	amod	great
26	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	27 זֹּֽאת	det	(the)
27	זֹּֽאת	זֹאת	DET	Gender=Fem Number=Sing PronType=Dem	23 עִ֥יר	det	this
28	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	27 זֹּֽאת	punct

Pragmatics

form: wh-question
act: ask
voice: character
speech: a frame and its quote
negation: no
the frame alone: decl · assert · none

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
עָֽבְרוּ they will pass by	weqatal · qal	גּוֹיִם nations
אָֽמְרוּ they will say	weqatal · qal	גּוֹיִם nations
עָשָׂה did he do	qatal · qal	יְהוָה Yahweh

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְיֶעְבְּרוּן עַמְמִין סַגִיאִין עַל קַרְתָּא הָדָא וְיֵימְרוּן גְבַר לְחַבְרֵיהּ עַל מָה עֲבַד יְיָ כְּדֵין לְקַרְתָּא רַבְּתָא הָדָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And many nations shall pass by this city, and they shall say every man to his neighbour: 'Wherefore hath the LORD done thus unto this great city?'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:514.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.22.8/