Jeremiah 44:18 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: we, sword · What happens: let off, offer, pour out, want, consume · To what, where: queen, drink offerings, things

This is Jeremiah 44:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, sword — and what happens in the verse to queen, drink offerings, things, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וּמִן־אָ֡ז חָדַ֜לְנוּ לְקַטֵּ֨ר לִמְלֶ֧כֶת הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם וְהַסֵּֽךְ־לָ֥הּ נְסָכִ֖ים חָסַ֣רְנוּ כֹ֑ל וּבַחֶ֥רֶב וּבָרָעָ֖ב תָּֽמְנוּ׃

But since we let off to offer to the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink-offerings unto her, we have wanted all things, and have been consumed by the sword and by the famine.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	16 חָסַ֣רְנוּ	cc	and
2	מִן־	מִן	ADP	_	3 אָ֡ז	case	from
3	אָ֡ז	אָז	ADV	_	4 חָדַ֜לְנוּ	nmod	then
4	חָדַ֜לְנוּ	חָדַל	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	16 חָסַ֣רְנוּ	parataxis	we ceased
5	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	6 קַטֵּ֨ר	case	to
6	קַטֵּ֨ר	קָטַר	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	4 חָדַ֜לְנוּ	xcomp	make smoke
7	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	8 מְלֶ֧כֶת	case	to
8	מְלֶ֧כֶת	מְלֶכֶת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	6 קַטֵּ֨ר	obl	the queen
9	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	10 שָּׁמַ֛יִם	det	of
10	שָּׁמַ֛יִם	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	8 מְלֶ֧כֶת	compound:smixut	the heavens
11	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	12 הַסֵּֽךְ־	cc	and
12	הַסֵּֽךְ־	נָסַךְ	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	6 קַטֵּ֨ר	conj	to pour out
13	ל	לְ	ADP	_	14 ָ֥הּ	case	to
14	ָ֥הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 הַסֵּֽךְ־	obl	her
15	נְסָכִ֖ים	נֶסֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	12 הַסֵּֽךְ־	obj	drink offerings
16	חָסַ֣רְנוּ	חָסֵר	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	root	root	we have lacked
17	כֹ֑ל	כֹּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	16 חָסַ֣רְנוּ	obj	everything
18	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	26 תָּֽמְנוּ	cc	and
19	בַ	בְּ	ADP	_	21 חֶ֥רֶב	case	by
20	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	21 חֶ֥רֶב	det	the
21	חֶ֥רֶב	חֶרֶב	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	26 תָּֽמְנוּ	obl	sword
22	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 רָעָ֖ב	cc	and
23	בָ	בְּ	ADP	_	25 רָעָ֖ב	case	by
24	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	25 רָעָ֖ב	det	the
25	רָעָ֖ב	רָעָב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	21 חֶ֥רֶב	conj	famine
26	תָּֽמְנוּ	תָּמַם	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	16 חָסַ֣רְנוּ	conj	we have met our end
27	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	26 תָּֽמְנוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
חָדַלְנוּ we ceased	qatal · qal
קַטֵּר make smoke	infinitive construct · piel
הַסֵּֽךְ־ to pour out	infinitive absolute · hiphil	נְסָכִים drink offerings
חָסַרְנוּ we have lacked	qatal · qal		כֹל everything
תָּֽמְנוּ we have met our end	qatal · qal

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וּמִן עִדָן דְאִתְמְנַעְנָא לְאַסָקָא בּוּסְמִין לְכוֹכְבַת שְׁמַיָא וּלְנַסָכָא לָהּ נִסְכִּין חַסַרְנָא כוֹלָא וּבְחַרְבָּא וּבְכַפְנָא סַפְנָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

But since we let off to offer to the queen of heaven, and to pour out drink-offerings unto her, we have wanted all things, and have been consumed by the sword and by the famine.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:1080.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.18/