Jeremiah 44:19 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: thing, we, word · What happens: be, offer, pour out, make, image · To what, where: we, queen, drink offerings, cakes, image

This is Jeremiah 44:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thing, we, word — and what happens in the verse to we, queen, drink offerings, cakes, image, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְכִֽי־אֲנַ֤חְנוּ מְקַטְּרִים֙ לִמְלֶ֣כֶת הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּלְהַסֵּ֥ךְ לָ֖הּ נְסָכִ֑ים הֲמִֽבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י אֲנָשֵׁ֗ינוּ עָשִׂ֨ינוּ לָ֤הּ כַּוָּנִים֙ לְהַ֣עֲצִבָ֔ה וְהַסֵּ֥ךְ לָ֖הּ נְסָכִֽים׃פ

And is it we that offer to the queen of heaven, and pour out drink-offerings unto her? did we make her cakes in her image, and pour out drink-offerings unto her, without our husbands?'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	4 מְקַטְּרִים֙	cc	and
2	כִֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	4 מְקַטְּרִים֙	mark	(dm)
3	אֲנַ֤חְנוּ	אֲנַחְנוּ	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	4 מְקַטְּרִים֙	nsubj	we
4	מְקַטְּרִים֙	קָטַר	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur	root	root	[were] making smoke
5	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	6 מְלֶ֣כֶת	case	to
6	מְלֶ֣כֶת	מְלֶכֶת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	4 מְקַטְּרִים֙	obl	the queen
7	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 שָּׁמַ֔יִם	det	of
8	שָּׁמַ֔יִם	שָׁמַיִם	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	6 מְלֶ֣כֶת	compound:smixut	the heavens
9	וּ	וְ	CCONJ	_	11 הַסֵּ֥ךְ	cc	and
10	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	11 הַסֵּ֥ךְ	case	to
11	הַסֵּ֥ךְ	נָסַךְ	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	4 מְקַטְּרִים֙	conj	pour out
12	ל	לְ	ADP	_	13 ָ֖הּ	case	to
13	ָ֖הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 הַסֵּ֥ךְ	obl	her
14	נְסָכִ֑ים	נֶסֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	11 הַסֵּ֥ךְ	obj	drink offerings
15	הֲ	הֲ	PART	_	20 עָשִׂ֨ינוּ	advmod	?
16	מִֽ	מִן	ADP	_	18 אֲנָשֵׁ֗י	case	(from)
17	בַּלְעֲדֵ֣י	בִּלְעֲדֵי	ADP	_	18 אֲנָשֵׁ֗י	case	without
18	אֲנָשֵׁ֗י	אִישׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	20 עָשִׂ֨ינוּ	obl	husbands
19	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	18 אֲנָשֵׁ֗י	nmod:poss	our
20	עָשִׂ֨ינוּ	עָשָׂה	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	4 מְקַטְּרִים֙	parataxis	did we make
21	ל	לְ	ADP	_	22 ָ֤הּ	case	for
22	ָ֤הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 עָשִׂ֨ינוּ	obl	her
23	כַּוָּנִים֙	כַּוָּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	20 עָשִׂ֨ינוּ	obj	cakes
24	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	25 הַ֣עֲצִב	case	to
25	הַ֣עֲצִב	עָצַב	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	20 עָשִׂ֨ינוּ	advcl	form
26	ָ֔ה	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 הַ֣עֲצִב	obj	her
27	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	28 הַסֵּ֥ךְ	cc	and
28	הַסֵּ֥ךְ	נָסַךְ	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	20 עָשִׂ֨ינוּ	conj	to pour out
29	ל	לְ	ADP	_	30 ָ֖הּ	case	to
30	ָ֖הּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 הַסֵּ֥ךְ	obl	her
31	נְסָכִֽים	נֶסֶךְ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	28 הַסֵּ֥ךְ	obj	drink offerings
32	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	31 נְסָכִֽים	punct
33	פ	פ	PUNCT	_	31 נְסָכִֽים	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
מְקַטְּרִים [were] making smoke	participle active · piel	אֲנַחְנוּ we
הַסֵּךְ pour out	infinitive construct · hiphil	נְסָכִים drink offerings
עָשִׂינוּ did we make	qatal · qal		כַּוָּנִים cakes
הַעֲצִב form	infinitive construct · hiphil	ָה her
הַסֵּךְ to pour out	infinitive absolute · hiphil	נְסָכִֽים drink offerings

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וַאֲרֵי אֲנַחְנָא מַסְקָן בּוּסְמִין לְכוֹכְבַת שְׁמַיָא וּמְנַסְכִן לָהּ נִסְכִּין הֲבַר מִגַבְרָנָא עֲבַדְנָא לָהּ כַּרְדוּטִין לְטַעֲוָתָא וּמְנַסְכָן לָהּ נִסְכִּין:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And is it we that offer to the queen of heaven, and pour out drink-offerings unto her? did we make her cakes in her image, and pour out drink-offerings unto her, without our husbands?'

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:1081.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.44.19/