Jeremiah 44:19 · JPS 1917
And is it we that offer to the queen of heaven, and pour out drink-offerings unto her? did we make her cakes in her image, and pour out drink-offerings unto her, without our husbands?'
Who acts: thing, we, word · What happens: be, offer, pour out, make, image · To what, where: we, queen, drink offerings, cakes, image
This is Jeremiah 44:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thing, we, word), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 we | cc |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 we | cop |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 we | nsubj |
| 4 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 6 offer | nsubj |
| 6 | offer | offer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 we | acl:relcl |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 queen | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 queen | det |
| 9 | queen | queen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 offer | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 heaven | case |
| 11 | heaven | heaven | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 queen | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 pour | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 pour | cc |
| 14 | pour | pour | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 offer | conj |
| 15 | out | out | ADP | _ | 14 pour | compound:prt |
| 16 | drink | drink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 offerings | compound |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 drink | punct |
| 18 | offerings | offering | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 pour | obj |
| 19 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 20 her | case |
| 20 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 pour | obl |
| 21 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 we | punct |
| 22 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 make | aux |
| 23 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 24 make | nsubj |
| 24 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 we | parataxis |
| 25 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 cakes | nmod:poss |
| 26 | cakes | cake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 make | obj |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 image | case |
| 28 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 29 image | nmod:poss |
| 29 | image | image | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 make | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 pour | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 pour | cc |
| 32 | pour | pour | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 make | conj |
| 33 | out | out | ADP | _ | 32 pour | compound:prt |
| 34 | drink | drink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 offerings | compound |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 drink | punct |
| 36 | offerings | offering | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 pour | obj |
| 37 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 38 her | case |
| 38 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 pour | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 husbands | punct |
| 40 | without | without | ADP | _ | 42 husbands | case |
| 41 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 husbands | nmod:poss |
| 42 | husbands | husband | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 pour | obl |
| 43 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 we | punct |
| 44 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 4 we | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- yes/no question
- act
- disagree
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- indirect
- yes
- teacher
- changed form=q, voice=character, act=disagree, indirect=1
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | thing | we | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | offer | present | the queen of heaven | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to queen=Goal | |||||
| 3 | pour out | present | drink offerings | unto word | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offering=Patient | ||||
| 4 | make | past · do-support | we | word's cakes | word's image | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Product | |||
| 5 | pour out | infinitive | we not said here | drink offerings | unto word; without our husbands | vn preparing-26.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offering=Patient | |||
| 6 | image | word | nom image «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְכִֽי־אֲנַ֤חְנוּ מְקַטְּרִים֙ לִמְלֶ֣כֶת הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וּלְהַסֵּ֥ךְ לָ֖הּ נְסָכִ֑ים הֲמִֽבַּלְעֲדֵ֣י אֲנָשֵׁ֗ינוּ עָשִׂ֨ינוּ לָ֤הּ כַּוָּנִים֙ לְהַ֣עֲצִבָ֔ה וְהַסֵּ֥ךְ לָ֖הּ נְסָכִֽים׃פ
Jeremiah 44:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JER:1181 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1181/