Jeremiah 46:9 יִרְמְיָהוּ
Who acts: you, mighty men, Cush, Ludim · What happens: prance, rush, let, go, handle, bend · To what, where: mighty men, shield, bow
This is Jeremiah 46:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, mighty men, Cush, Ludim — and what happens in the verse to mighty men, shield, bow, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
עֲל֤וּ הַסּוּסִים֙ וְהִתְהֹלְל֣וּ הָרֶ֔כֶב וְיֵצְא֖וּ הַגִּבּוֹרִ֑ים כּ֤וּשׁ וּפוּט֙ תֹּפְשֵׂ֣י מָגֵ֔ן וְלוּדִ֕ים תֹּפְשֵׂ֖י דֹּ֥רְכֵי קָֽשֶׁת׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | עֲל֤וּ | עָלָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=2 | root | root | go up |
| 2 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 3 סּוּסִים֙ | det | O |
| 3 | סּוּסִים֙ | סוּס | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 1 עֲל֤וּ | parataxis | horses |
| 4 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 5 הִתְהֹלְל֣וּ | cc | and |
| 5 | הִתְהֹלְל֣וּ | הָלַל | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL Number=Plur Person=2 | 1 עֲל֤וּ | conj | drive madly |
| 6 | הָ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 7 רֶ֔כֶב | det | O |
| 7 | רֶ֔כֶב | רֶכֶב | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 5 הִתְהֹלְל֣וּ | parataxis | chariotry |
| 8 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 9 יֵצְא֖וּ | cc | and |
| 9 | יֵצְא֖וּ | יָצָא | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=3 | 1 עֲל֤וּ | conj | let them go forth |
| 10 | הַ | הַ | DET | PronType=Art | 11 גִּבּוֹרִ֑ים | det | the |
| 11 | גִּבּוֹרִ֑ים | גִּבּוֹר | ADJ | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 9 יֵצְא֖וּ | nsubj | warriors |
| 12 | כּ֤וּשׁ | כּוּשׁ | PROPN | _ | 11 גִּבּוֹרִ֑ים | appos | Cush |
| 13 | וּ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 14 פוּט֙ | cc | and |
| 14 | פוּט֙ | פּוּט | PROPN | _ | 12 כּ֤וּשׁ | conj | Put |
| 15 | תֹּפְשֵׂ֣י | תָּפַשׂ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 12 כּ֤וּשׁ | appos | [who] wield |
| 16 | מָגֵ֔ן | מָגֵן | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 תֹּפְשֵׂ֣י | compound:smixut | (of) a shield |
| 17 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 18 לוּדִ֕ים | cc | and |
| 18 | לוּדִ֕ים | לוּדִים | PROPN | _ | 12 כּ֤וּשׁ | conj | Ludites |
| 19 | תֹּפְשֵׂ֖י | תָּפַשׂ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 18 לוּדִ֕ים | appos | [who] wield |
| 20 | דֹּ֥רְכֵי | דָּרַךְ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 19 תֹּפְשֵׂ֖י | compound:smixut | (of) [those who] bend |
| 21 | קָֽשֶׁת | קֶשֶׁת | NOUN | Gender=Fem Number=Sing | 20 דֹּ֥רְכֵי | compound:smixut | (of) a bow |
| 22 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 21 קָֽשֶׁת | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- speech
- inside a quote begun earlier
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| עֲלוּ go up | imperative · qal | סּוּסִים horses | |||
| הִתְהֹלְלוּ drive madly | imperative · hithpolel | רֶכֶב chariotry | |||
| יֵצְאוּ let them go forth | yiqtol · qal | גִּבּוֹרִים warriors | |||
| תֹּפְשֵׂי [who] wield | participle active · qal | כּוּשׁ Cush + פוּט Put | מָגֵן (of) a shield | ||
| תֹּפְשֵׂי [who] wield | participle active · qal | לוּדִים Ludites | קָֽשֶׁת (of) a bow | ||
| דֹּרְכֵי (of) [those who] bend | participle active · qal | לוּדִים Ludites | קָֽשֶׁת (of) a bow |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
יִסְקוּן סוּסְוָתָא וְיִשְׁתַּגְשׁוּן רְתִיכַיָא וְיִפְקוּן גִבָּרַיָא כּוּשָׁאֵי וּפוּטָאֵי אֱחֲדֵי תְרֵסִין וְלוּדָאֵי דְנַגְדִין וּמָחָן בְּקַשְׁתָּא:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:1106.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.46.9/