Jeremiah 48:12 יִרְמְיָהוּ
Who acts: days, LORD, I, works · What happens: come, say, send, tilt up, empty, break · To what, where: works, LORD, vessels, bottles, pieces · Speech: someone speaks in this verse
This is Jeremiah 48:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — days, LORD, I, works — and what happens in the verse to works, LORD, vessels, bottles, pieces, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.
לָכֵ֞ן הִנֵּ֖ה־יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־ל֥וֹ צֹעִ֖ים וְצֵעֻ֑הוּ וְכֵלָ֣יו יָרִ֔יקוּ וְנִבְלֵיהֶ֖ם יְנַפֵּֽצוּ׃
The tree
Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation | gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | לָ | לָכֵן | ADP | _ | 2 כֵ֞ן | case | therefore |
| 2 | כֵ֞ן | כֵּן | ADV | _ | root | root | |
| 3 | הִנֵּ֖ה־ | הִנֵּה | INTJ | _ | 5 בָּאִים֙ | discourse | here! |
| 4 | יָמִ֤ים | יוֹם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 5 בָּאִים֙ | nsubj | days |
| 5 | בָּאִים֙ | בּוֹא | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 2 כֵ֞ן | parataxis | [are] coming |
| 6 | נְאֻם־ | נְאֻם | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Sing | 2 כֵ֞ן | parataxis | the utterance |
| 7 | יְהוָ֔ה | יהוה | PROPN | _ | 6 נְאֻם־ | compound:smixut | of Yahweh |
| 8 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 9 שִׁלַּחְתִּי־ | cc | and |
| 9 | שִׁלַּחְתִּי־ | שָׁלַח | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=1 | 2 כֵ֞ן | conj | I will send |
| 10 | ל | לְ | ADP | _ | 11 ֥וֹ | case | to |
| 11 | ֥וֹ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 שִׁלַּחְתִּי־ | obl | it |
| 12 | צֹעִ֖ים | צָעָה | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur | 9 שִׁלַּחְתִּי־ | obj | [those who] tilt |
| 13 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 14 צֵעֻ֑ | cc | and |
| 14 | צֵעֻ֑ | צָעָה | VERB | Gender=Com HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3 | 2 כֵ֞ן | conj | they |
| 15 | הוּ | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 צֵעֻ֑ | obj | will tilt it |
| 16 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 19 יָרִ֔יקוּ | cc | and |
| 17 | כֵלָ֣י | כְּלִי | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 19 יָרִ֔יקוּ | obj | vessels |
| 18 | ו | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 כֵלָ֣י | nmod:poss | its |
| 19 | יָרִ֔יקוּ | רִיק | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3 | 2 כֵ֞ן | conj | they will empty out |
| 20 | וְ | וְ | CCONJ | _ | 23 יְנַפֵּֽצוּ | cc | and |
| 21 | נִבְלֵי | נֵבֶל | NOUN | Gender=Masc Number=Plur | 23 יְנַפֵּֽצוּ | obj | jars |
| 22 | הֶ֖ם | הוּא | PRON | Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 נִבְלֵי | nmod:poss | their |
| 23 | יְנַפֵּֽצוּ | נָפַץ | VERB | Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Plur Person=3 | 2 כֵ֞ן | conj | they will smash |
| 24 | ׃ | ׃ | PUNCT | _ | 23 יְנַפֵּֽצוּ | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- character
- speech
- speech with no frame
- negation
- no
| verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| בָּאִים [are] coming | participle active · qal | יָמִים days | |||
| שִׁלַּחְתִּי־ I will send | weqatal · piel | יְהוָה of Yahweh | צֹעִים [those who] tilt | ||
| צֵעֻ they | weqatal · piel | צֹעִים [those who] tilt | הוּ will tilt it | ||
| יָרִיקוּ they will empty out | yiqtol · hiphil | כֵלָי vessels | צֹעִים [those who] tilt | ||
| יְנַפֵּֽצוּ they will smash | yiqtol · piel | צֹעִים [those who] tilt | נִבְלֵי jars |
MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.
Targum Jonathan
בְּכֵן הָא יוֹמַיָא אַתָן אֲמַר יְיָ וְאֶשְׁלַח עֲלֵיכוֹן בָּזוֹזִין וְיִבְזוּנוּנוּן וְנִכְסֵיהוֹן יְרוֹקְנוּן וְטוּב אַרְעֲהוֹן יְגַמְרוּן:
The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.
English, JPS 1917
Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.
Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.
English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).
Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:1144.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.48.12/