Jeremiah 48:45 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: fugitives, midst · What happens: stand, go, devour, shadow, crown · To what, where: shadow, fire, Heshbon, corner, head

This is Jeremiah 48:45 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — fugitives, midst — and what happens in the verse to shadow, fire, Heshbon, corner, head, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

בְּצֵ֥ל חֶשְׁבּ֛וֹן עָמְד֖וּ מִכֹּ֣חַ נָסִ֑ים כִּֽי־אֵ֞שׁ יָצָ֣א מֵחֶשְׁבּ֗וֹן וְלֶֽהָבָה֙ מִבֵּ֣ין סִיח֔וֹן וַתֹּ֙אכַל֙ פְּאַ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב וְקָדְקֹ֖ד בְּנֵ֥י שָׁאֽוֹן׃

In the shadow of Heshbon the fugitives stand without strength; for a fire is gone forth out of Heshbon, and a flame from the midst of Sihon, and it devoureth the corner of Moab, and the crown of the head of the tumultuous ones.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

Pragmatics

form

statement

act

assert

voice

narrator

speech

narration

negation

no

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

עַל דִאֶשְׁתְּמָעוּ לְיַתְבֵי חֶשְׁבּוֹן גְלוֹ אִתְקְצַר חֵילֵיהוֹן עֲרָקוּ אֲרֵי קִידוּם תַּקִיף כְּאֶשְׁתָּא נְפַק מֵחֶשְׁבוֹן וְעָבְדֵי קְרָבָא כְּשַׁלְהוֹבִיתָא מִבֵּית סִיחוֹן וְקַטִילוּ רַבְרְבֵי מוֹאָב וְיַקִירֵי בְּנֵי אִתְרְגוּשָׁא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

1. In the shadow of Heshbon the fugitives stand without strength; for a fire is gone forth out of Heshbon, and a flame from the midst of Sihon, and it devoureth the corner of Moab, and the crown of the head of the tumultuous ones.

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