Jeremiah 9:18 יִרְמְיָהוּ

Who acts: we, dwellings · What happens: hear out, undo, confound, forsake, cast out · To what, where: voice, Zion, we, land, us

This is Jeremiah 9:18 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — we, dwellings — and what happens in the verse to voice, Zion, we, land, us, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 52 chapters of Jeremiah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כִּ֣י ק֥וֹל נְהִ֛י נִשְׁמַ֥ע מִצִּיּ֖וֹן אֵ֣יךְ שֻׁדָּ֑דְנוּ בֹּ֤שְׁנֽוּ מְאֹד֙ כִּֽי־עָזַ֣בְנוּ אָ֔רֶץ כִּ֥י הִשְׁלִ֖יכוּ מִשְׁכְּנוֹתֵֽינוּ׃ס

For a voice of wailing is heard out of Zion: 'How are we undone! We are greatly confounded, because we have forsaken the land, because our dwellings have cast us out.'

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	4 נִשְׁמַ֥ע	mark	(dm)
2	ק֥וֹל	קוֹל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	4 נִשְׁמַ֥ע	nsubj	a sound
3	נְהִ֛י	נְהִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 ק֥וֹל	compound:smixut	of wailing
4	נִשְׁמַ֥ע	שָׁמַע	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it has been heard
5	מִ	מִן	ADP	_	6 צִּיּ֖וֹן	case	from
6	צִּיּ֖וֹן	צִיּוֹן	PROPN	_	4 נִשְׁמַ֥ע	obl	Zion
7	אֵ֣יךְ	אֵיךְ	INTJ	_	8 שֻׁדָּ֑דְנוּ	discourse	how!
8	שֻׁדָּ֑דְנוּ	שָׁדַד	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=PUAL Number=Plur Person=1	4 נִשְׁמַ֥ע	parataxis	we have been devastated
9	בֹּ֤שְׁנֽוּ	בּוֹשׁ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	4 נִשְׁמַ֥ע	parataxis	we have been put to shame
10	מְאֹד֙	מְאֹד	ADV	_	9 בֹּ֤שְׁנֽוּ	advmod	exceedingly
11	כִּֽי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	12 עָזַ֣בְנוּ	mark	(dm)
12	עָזַ֣בְנוּ	עָזַב	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=QAL Number=Plur Person=1	4 נִשְׁמַ֥ע	advcl	we have left
13	אָ֔רֶץ	אֶרֶץ	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 עָזַ֣בְנוּ	obj	[the] land
14	כִּ֥י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	15 הִשְׁלִ֖יכוּ	mark	(dm)
15	הִשְׁלִ֖יכוּ	שָׁלַךְ	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=HIPHIL Number=Plur Person=3	4 נִשְׁמַ֥ע	advcl	people have cast down
16	מִשְׁכְּנוֹתֵֽי	מִשְׁכָּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	15 הִשְׁלִ֖יכוּ	obj	dwellings
17	נוּ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Com Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	16 מִשְׁכְּנוֹתֵֽי	nmod:poss	our
18	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	17 נוּ	punct
19	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	17 נוּ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
speech: inside a quote begun earlier
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)
נִשְׁמַע it has been heard	qatal · niphal		קוֹל a sound
שֻׁדָּדְנוּ we have been devastated	qatal · pual
בֹּשְׁנֽוּ we have been put to shame	qatal · qal
עָזַבְנוּ we have left	qatal · qal		אָרֶץ [the] land
הִשְׁלִיכוּ people have cast down	qatal · hiphil	מִשְׁכְּנוֹתֵֽי dwellings

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אֲרֵי קַל אִלְיָא אִשְׁתְּמַע מִצִיוֹן אֵכְדֵין אִתְבְּזֵיזְנָא בְּהֵיתְנָא לַחֲדָא אֲרֵי חֲרוּבַת אַרְעָא אֲרֵי צַדִיאָה בִּרְנְיָתָהָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JER:247.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JER.9.18/