Joshua 11:20 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: it, cities, LORD · What happens: be, harden, come, destroy, have, command · To what, where: hearts, battle, cities, favour, Moses · Speech: someone speaks in this verse

This is Joshua 11:20 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — it, cities, LORD — and what happens in the verse to hearts, battle, cities, favour, Moses, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

כִּ֣י מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה ׀ הָיְתָ֡ה לְחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבָּם֩ לִקְרַ֨את הַמִּלְחָמָ֤ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְמַ֣עַן הַֽחֲרִימָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֥י הֱיוֹת־לָהֶ֖ם תְּחִנָּ֑ה כִּ֚י לְמַ֣עַן הַשְׁמִידָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ס

For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts, to come against Israel in battle, that they might be utterly destroyed, that they might have no favour, but that they might be destroyed, as the LORD commanded Moses.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	כִּ֣י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	4 יְהוָ֣ה	mark	(dm)
2	מֵ	מִן	ADP	_	4 יְהוָ֣ה	case	from
3	אֵ֣ת	אֵת	ADP	_	4 יְהוָ֣ה	case	with
4	יְהוָ֣ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	root	root	Yahweh
5	׀	׀	PUNCT	_	4 יְהוָ֣ה	punct
6	הָיְתָ֡ה	הָיָה	AUX	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	4 יְהוָ֣ה	cop	it was
7	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	8 חַזֵּ֣ק	case	to
8	חַזֵּ֣ק	חָזַק	VERB	HebBinyan=PIEL	4 יְהוָ֣ה	nsubj	strengthen
9	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	10 לִבּ	case	(et)
10	לִבּ	לֵב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 חַזֵּ֣ק	obj	heart
11	ָם֩	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 לִבּ	nmod:poss	their
12	לִ	לְ	ADP	_	13 קְרַ֨את	case	to
13	קְרַ֨את	קרא	VERB	HebBinyan=QAL	8 חַזֵּ֣ק	advcl	meet
14	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	15 מִּלְחָמָ֤ה	det	the
15	מִּלְחָמָ֤ה	מִלְחָמָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	13 קְרַ֨את	obj	battle
16	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	17 יִשְׂרָאֵל֙	case	with
17	יִשְׂרָאֵל֙	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	13 קְרַ֨את	obl	Israel
18	לְמַ֣עַן	לְמַעַן	SCONJ	_	19 הַֽחֲרִימ	mark	so as
19	הַֽחֲרִימ	חָרַם	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	4 יְהוָ֣ה	advcl	to
20	ָ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 הַֽחֲרִימ	obj	totally destroy them
21	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	25 ָהֶ֖ם	case	to
22	בִלְתִּ֥י	בֵּלֶת	ADP	_	25 ָהֶ֖ם	advmod	not
23	הֱיוֹת־	הָיָה	AUX	HebBinyan=QAL	25 ָהֶ֖ם	cop	to belong
24	ל	לְ	ADP	_	25 ָהֶ֖ם	case	to
25	ָהֶ֖ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 הַֽחֲרִימ	obl	them
26	תְּחִנָּ֑ה	תְּחִנָּה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	25 ָהֶ֖ם	nsubj	favor
27	כִּ֚י	כִּי	SCONJ	_	29 הַשְׁמִיד	mark	(dm)
28	לְמַ֣עַן	לְמַעַן	SCONJ	_	29 הַשְׁמִיד	mark	so as
29	הַשְׁמִיד	שָׁמַד	VERB	HebBinyan=HIPHIL	4 יְהוָ֣ה	parataxis	to
30	ָ֔ם	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Masc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	29 הַשְׁמִיד	obj	destroy them
31	כַּ	כְּ	ADP	_	29 הַשְׁמִיד	obl	just
32	אֲשֶׁ֛ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	33 צִוָּ֥ה	mark	as
33	צִוָּ֥ה	צָוָה	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=PIEL Number=Sing Person=3	31 כַּ	acl:relcl	he had commanded
34	יְהוָ֖ה	יהוה	PROPN	_	33 צִוָּ֥ה	nsubj	Yahweh
35	אֶת־	אֵת	ADP	_	36 מֹשֶֽׁה	case	(et)
36	מֹשֶֽׁה	מֹשֶׁה	PROPN	_	33 צִוָּ֥ה	obj	Moses
37	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	36 מֹשֶֽׁה	punct
38	ס	ס	PUNCT	_	36 מֹשֶֽׁה	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	who makes it happen (AA)
הָיְתָה it was	qatal · qal	חַזֵּק strengthen
חַזֵּק strengthen	infinitive construct · piel	יְהוָה Yahweh	לִבּ heart
קְרַאת meet	infinitive construct · qal		מִּלְחָמָה battle
הַֽחֲרִימ to	infinitive construct · hiphil	ָם totally destroy them		יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
הֱיוֹת־ to belong	infinitive construct · qal	תְּחִנָּה favor
הַשְׁמִיד to	infinitive construct · hiphil	ָם destroy them		יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel
צִוָּה he had commanded	qatal · piel	יְהוָה Yahweh	מֹשֶֽׁה Moses

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

אֲרֵי מִן קֳדָם יְיָ הֲוַת לְתַקָפָא יַת לִבְּהוֹן לְסַדָרָא קְרָבָא עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּדִיל לְגַמָרוּתְהוֹן בְּדִיל דְלָא לְמֶהֱוֵי לְהוֹן רַחֲמִין אֲרֵי בְּדִיל לְשֵׁצָיוּתְהוֹן כְּמָא דְפַקֵד יְיָ יַת מֹשֶׁה:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts, to come against Israel in battle, that they might be utterly destroyed, that they might have no favour, but that they might be destroyed, as the LORD commanded Moses.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:275.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.11.20/