Joshua 18:16 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ

Who acts: border, mountain, Valley · What happens: go down, lie, be · To what, where: Valley, vale, En rogel

This is Joshua 18:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — border, mountain, Valley — and what happens in the verse to Valley, vale, En rogel, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

וְיָרַ֨ד הַגְּב֜וּל אֶל־קְצֵ֣ה הָהָ֗ר אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־פְּנֵי֙ גֵּ֣י בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔ם גֵּ֣י בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔םגֵּ֣י בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֛ר בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִ֖ים צָפ֑וֹנָה וְיָרַד֩ גֵּ֨י הִנֹּ֜ם גֵּ֨י הִנֹּ֜ם אֶל־כֶּ֤תֶף הַיְבוּסִי֙ נֶ֔גְבָּה וְיָרַ֖ד עֵ֥ינ רֹגֵֽל עֵ֥ינ רֹגֵֽל׃

And the border went down to the uttermost part of the mountain that lieth before the Valley of the son of Hinnom, which is in the vale of Rephaim northward; and it went down to the Valley of Hinnom, to the side of the Jebusite southward, and went down to En-rogel.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	2 יָרַ֨ד	cc	and
2	יָרַ֨ד	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	root	root	it goes down
3	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	4 גְּב֜וּל	det	the
4	גְּב֜וּל	גְּבוּל	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	2 יָרַ֨ד	nsubj	border
5	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	6 קְצֵ֣ה	case	to
6	קְצֵ֣ה	קָצֶה	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 יָרַ֨ד	obl	the end
7	הָ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	8 הָ֗ר	det	of
8	הָ֗ר	הַר	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	6 קְצֵ֣ה	compound:smixut	the mountain
9	אֲשֶׁר֙	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	11 פְּנֵי֙	mark	which
10	עַל־	עַל	ADP	_	11 פְּנֵי֙	case	[is] on
11	פְּנֵי֙	פָּנֶה	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 הָ֗ר	acl:relcl	the face
12	גֵּ֣י	גַּיְא	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 פְּנֵי֙	compound:smixut	the valley
13	בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔ם	_	NOUN	_	12 גֵּ֣י	flat
14	גֵּ֣י	בֶּן	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	11 פְּנֵי֙	compound:smixut	of
15	בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔ם	הִנֹּם	NOUN	_	14 גֵּ֣י	flat
16	גֵּ֣י	הִנֹּם	PROPN	_	11 פְּנֵי֙	compound:smixut	Ben Hinnom
17	בֶנ־הִנֹּ֔ם	_	PROPN	_	16 גֵּ֣י	flat:name
18	אֲשֶׁ֛ר	אֲשֶׁר	SCONJ	_	20 עֵ֥מֶק	mark	which
19	בְּ	בְּ	ADP	_	20 עֵ֥מֶק	case	[is] in
20	עֵ֥מֶק	עֵמֶק	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	8 הָ֗ר	acl:relcl	the valley
21	רְפָאִ֖ים	רְפָאִים	PROPN	_	20 עֵ֥מֶק	compound:smixut	of Rephaim
22	צָפ֑וֹנ	צָפוֹן	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	20 עֵ֥מֶק	nmod	northward
23	ָה	ה	X	_	22 צָפ֑וֹנ	nmod
24	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	25 יָרַד֩	cc	and
25	יָרַד֩	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָרַ֨ד	conj	it goes down
26	גֵּ֨י	גַּיְא	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 יָרַד֩	dep	the valley
27	הִנֹּ֜ם	_	NOUN	_	26 גֵּ֨י	flat
28	גֵּ֨י	הִנֹּם	PROPN	_	25 יָרַד֩	dep	of [Ben] Hinnom
29	הִנֹּ֜ם	_	PROPN	_	28 גֵּ֨י	flat:name
30	אֶל־	אֶל	ADP	_	31 כֶּ֤תֶף	case	to
31	כֶּ֤תֶף	כָּתֵף	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	25 יָרַד֩	obl	the slope
32	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	33 יְבוּסִי֙	det	of
33	יְבוּסִי֙	יְבוּסִי	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	31 כֶּ֤תֶף	compound:smixut	the Jebusite[s]
34	נֶ֔גְבּ	נֶגֶב	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	31 כֶּ֤תֶף	nmod	south
35	ָה	ה	X	_	34 נֶ֔גְבּ	nmod	to [the]
36	וְ	וְ	CCONJ	_	37 יָרַ֖ד	cc	and
37	יָרַ֖ד	יָרַד	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=3	2 יָרַ֨ד	conj	it goes down
38	עֵ֥ינ	עֵין	PROPN	_	37 יָרַ֖ד	dep	En
39	רֹגֵֽל	רֹגֵל	PROPN	_	38 עֵ֥ינ	flat:name
40	עֵ֥ינ	עֵין	PROPN	_	37 יָרַ֖ד	dep	Rogel
41	רֹגֵֽל	רֹגֵל	PROPN	_	40 עֵ֥ינ	flat:name
42	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	40 עֵ֥ינ	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
speech: narration
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)
יָרַד it goes down	weqatal · qal	גְּבוּל border
יָרַד it goes down	weqatal · qal	גְּבוּל border
יָרַד it goes down	weqatal · qal	גְּבוּל border

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

וְנָחִית תְּחוּמָא לִסְטַר טוּרָא דִי עַל אַפֵּי חֵילַת בַּר הִנֹם דִי בְּמֵישַׁר גִבָּרַיָא צִפוּנָא וְנָחִית לְחֵילַת בַּר הִנֹם לְעִיבַר יְבוּס דָרוֹמָא וְנָחִית לְעֵין קַצְרָא:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

And the border went down to the uttermost part of the mountain that lieth before the Valley of the son of Hinnom, which is in the vale of Rephaim northward; and it went down to the Valley of Hinnom, to the side of the Jebusite southward, and went down to En-rogel.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:JOS:457.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.18.16/