Micah 1:13 מִיכָה

Who acts: you, inhabitant, Israel · What happens: bind, be, find, transgress · To what, where: chariots, beginning, transgressions, thee

This is Micah 1:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — you, inhabitant, Israel — and what happens in the verse to chariots, beginning, transgressions, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 7 chapters of Micah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between.

רְתֹ֧ם הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֛ה לָרֶ֖כֶשׁ יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת לָכִ֑ישׁ רֵאשִׁ֨ית חַטָּ֥את הִיא֙ לְבַת־צִיּ֔וֹן כִּי־בָ֥ךְ נִמְצְא֖וּ פִּשְׁעֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

Bind the chariots to the swift steeds, O inhabitant of Lachish; she was the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion; for the transgressions of Israel are found in thee.

The tree

Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation	gloss
1	רְתֹ֧ם	רָתַם	VERB	Gender=Masc HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing Person=2	root	root	harness
2	הַ	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	3 מֶּרְכָּבָ֛ה	det	the
3	מֶּרְכָּבָ֛ה	מֶרְכָּבָה	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	1 רְתֹ֧ם	obj	chariot
4	לָ	לְ	ADP	_	6 רֶ֖כֶשׁ	case	to
5	ה	הַ	DET	PronType=Art	6 רֶ֖כֶשׁ	det	the
6	רֶ֖כֶשׁ	רֶכֶשׁ	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Sing	1 רְתֹ֧ם	obl	steed[s]
7	יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת	יָשַׁב	VERB	Gender=Fem HebBinyan=QAL Number=Sing	1 רְתֹ֧ם	parataxis	O inhabitant[s]
8	לָכִ֑ישׁ	לָכִישׁ	PROPN	_	7 יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת	compound:smixut	of Lachish
9	רֵאשִׁ֨ית	רֵאשִׁית	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	1 רְתֹ֧ם	parataxis	[was the] beginning
10	חַטָּ֥את	חַטָּאת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 רֵאשִׁ֨ית	compound:smixut	of sin
11	הִיא֙	הִיא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 רֵאשִׁ֨ית	nsubj	it
12	לְ	לְ	ADP	_	13 בַת־	case	for
13	בַת־	בַּת	NOUN	Gender=Fem Number=Sing	9 רֵאשִׁ֨ית	obl	the daughter
14	צִיּ֔וֹן	צִיּוֹן	PROPN	_	13 בַת־	compound:smixut	of Zion
15	כִּי־	כִּי	SCONJ	_	18 נִמְצְא֖וּ	mark	(dm)
16	ב	בְּ	ADP	_	17 ָ֥ךְ	case	in
17	ָ֥ךְ	הוּא	PRON	Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs	18 נִמְצְא֖וּ	obl	you
18	נִמְצְא֖וּ	מָצָא	VERB	Gender=Com HebBinyan=NIPHAL Number=Plur Person=3	1 רְתֹ֧ם	advcl	they were found
19	פִּשְׁעֵ֥י	פֶּשַׁע	NOUN	Gender=Masc Number=Plur	18 נִמְצְא֖וּ	nsubj	the transgressions
20	יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	יִשְׂרָאֵל	PROPN	_	19 פִּשְׁעֵ֥י	compound:smixut	of Israel
21	׃	׃	PUNCT	_	20 יִשְׂרָאֵֽל	punct

Pragmatics

form: command
act: request
voice: character
speech: speech with no frame
negation: no

verb	form · stem	who (A0)	what, whom (A1)	to whom, further (A2)	who makes it happen (AA)
רְתֹם harness	imperative · qal	יוֹשֶׁבֶת O inhabitant[s]	מֶּרְכָּבָה chariot
נִמְצְאוּ they were found	qatal · niphal		פִּשְׁעֵי the transgressions

MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen.

Targum Jonathan

טְקִיסוּ רְתִיכַיָא רְמוֹ עַל רִכְשָׁא דְיָתְבִין בְּלָכִישׁ רֵישׁ חוֹבִין הִיא לִכְנִשְׁתָּא דְצִיוֹן אֲרֵי בִּיךְ אִשְׁתְּכָחוּ מְרוֹדֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל:

The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet.

English, JPS 1917

Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in.

Bind the chariots to the swift steeds, O inhabitant of Lachish; she was the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion; for the transgressions of Israel are found in thee.

Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Tree, glosses and frames: MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew, CC BY 4.0; converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). Speech act: Mova's rules on the MACULA words (macula prag). Targum: Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain.

English: JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License).

Hebrew sentence wlc:MIC:12.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.1.13/