Micah 1:13 · JPS 1917
Bind the chariots to the swift steeds, O inhabitant of Lachish; she was the beginning of sin to the daughter of Zion; for the transgressions of Israel are found in thee.
Who acts: you, inhabitant, Israel · What happens: bind, be, find, transgress · To what, where: chariots, beginning, transgressions, thee
This is Micah 1:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, inhabitant, Israel), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bind | bind | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 chariots | det |
| 3 | chariots | chariot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Bind | obj |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 steeds | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 steeds | det |
| 6 | swift | swift | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 steeds | amod |
| 7 | steeds | steed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Bind | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 inhabitant | punct |
| 9 | O | o | INTJ | _ | 10 inhabitant | discourse |
| 10 | inhabitant | inhabitant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Bind | vocative |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 Lachish | case |
| 12 | Lachish | Lachish | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 inhabitant | nmod |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 beginning | punct |
| 14 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 beginning | nsubj |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 beginning | cop |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 beginning | det |
| 17 | beginning | beginning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Bind | parataxis |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 sin | case |
| 19 | sin | sin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 beginning | nmod |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 daughter | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 daughter | det |
| 22 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 beginning | nmod |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 Zion | case |
| 24 | Zion | Zion | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 daughter | nmod |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 found | punct |
| 26 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 32 found | mark |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 transgressions | det |
| 28 | transgressions | transgression | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 found | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 Israel | case |
| 30 | Israel | Israel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 transgressions | nmod |
| 31 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 found | aux:pass |
| 32 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Bind | parataxis |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 thee | case |
| 34 | thee | thou | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs Style=Arch | 32 found | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Bind | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- command
- act
- request
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed voice=character
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bind | imperative | you not said here | the chariots | to the swift steeds; inhabitant of Lachish vocative | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent chariot=Patient to steed=Co-Patient | |||
| 2 | is a | past | inhabitant | the beginning | of sin; to the daughter of Zion | tree rules | |||
| 3 | find | present · passive | the transgressions of Israel | thee | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 4 | transgress | Israel | nom transgression «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
רְתֹ֧ם הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֛ה לָרֶ֖כֶשׁ יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת לָכִ֑ישׁ רֵאשִׁ֨ית חַטָּ֥את הִיא֙ לְבַת־צִיּ֔וֹן כִּי־בָ֥ךְ נִמְצְא֖וּ פִּשְׁעֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃
Micah 1:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:MIC:14 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.14/