1 Samuel 12:2 · JPS 1917
And now, behold, the king walketh before you; and I am old and grayheaded; and, behold, my sons are with you; and I have walked before you from my youth unto this day.
Who acts: king, I, sons · What happens: walk, be · To what, where: youth
This is 1 Samuel 12:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, I, sons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 walketh | cc |
| 2 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 8 walketh | advmod |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 now | punct |
| 4 | behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 8 walketh | discourse |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 behold | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 king | det |
| 7 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 walketh | nsubj |
| 8 | walketh | walk | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | before | before | ADP | _ | 10 you | case |
| 10 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 8 walketh | obl |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 old | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 old | cc |
| 13 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 old | nsubj |
| 14 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 old | cop |
| 15 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 walketh | conj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 grayheaded | cc |
| 17 | grayheaded | grayheaded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 old | conj |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 you | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 you | cc |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 behold | punct |
| 21 | behold | behold | INTJ | _ | 27 you | discourse |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 behold | punct |
| 23 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 sons | nmod:poss |
| 24 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 you | nsubj |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 27 you | cop |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 27 you | case |
| 27 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 8 walketh | conj |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 walked | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 walked | cc |
| 30 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 32 walked | nsubj |
| 31 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 walked | aux |
| 32 | walked | walk | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 walketh | conj |
| 33 | before | before | ADP | _ | 34 you | case |
| 34 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=2 PronType=Prs | 32 walked | obl |
| 35 | from | from | ADP | _ | 37 youth | case |
| 36 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 youth | nmod:poss |
| 37 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 walked | obl |
| 38 | unto | unto | ADP | _ | 40 day | case |
| 39 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 40 day | det |
| 40 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 walked | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 walketh | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | walk | present | the king | before you; now | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before you=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | is | present | I | old property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | be | I not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | is | present | my sons | with you | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | walk | present · perfect | I | my youth | before you; day | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before you=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
וְעַתָּ֞ה הִנֵּ֥ה הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ ׀ מִתְהַלֵּ֣ךְ לִפְנֵיכֶ֗ם וַאֲנִי֙ זָקַ֣נְתִּי וָשַׂ֔בְתִּי וּבָנַ֖י הִנָּ֣ם אִתְּכֶ֑ם וַאֲנִי֙ הִתְהַלַּ֣כְתִּי לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם מִנְּעֻרַ֖י עַד־הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃
1 Samuel 12:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:1SA:276 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1SA.276/