Jeremiah 48:19 · JPS 1917
O inhabitant of Aroer, stand by the way, and watch; ask him that fleeth, and her that escapeth; say: 'What hath been done?'
Who acts: you · What happens: stand, watch, ask, flee, escape, say · To what, where: Aroer · Speech: someone speaks here
This is Jeremiah 48:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | O | o | INTJ | _ | 2 inhabitant | discourse |
| 2 | inhabitant | inhabitant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 stand | vocative |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 Aroer | case |
| 4 | Aroer | Aroer | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 inhabitant | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 stand | punct |
| 6 | stand | stand | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 way | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 way | det |
| 9 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 stand | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 watch | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 watch | cc |
| 12 | watch | watch | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 6 stand | conj |
| 13 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 ask | punct |
| 14 | ask | ask | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 6 stand | conj |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 ask | obj |
| 16 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 fleeth | nsubj |
| 17 | fleeth | flee | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 him | acl:relcl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 her | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 her | cc |
| 20 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 him | conj |
| 21 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 escapeth | nsubj |
| 22 | escapeth | escape | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 her | acl:relcl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 say | punct |
| 24 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 6 stand | conj |
| 25 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 30 done | punct |
| 26 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 30 done | punct |
| 27 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 30 done | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | hath | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Style=Arch Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 done | aux |
| 29 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 30 done | aux:pass |
| 30 | done | do | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 say | ccomp |
| 31 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 30 done | punct |
| 32 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 30 done | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- wh-question
- act
- ask
- voice
- character
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | imperative | you not said here | by the way; inhabitant of Aroer vocative | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent by way=Location | ||||
| 2 | watch | infinitive | you not said here | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | infinitive | you not said here | Aroer | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | flee | present | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | escape | present | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | infinitive | you not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | do | present · perfect · passive | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The Hebrew of this verse
אֶל־דֶּ֛רֶךְ עִמְדִ֥י וְצַפִּ֖י יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת עֲרוֹעֵ֑ר שַׁאֲלִי־נָ֣ס וְנִמְלָ֔טָה אִמְרִ֖י מַה־נִּֽהְיָֽתָה׃
Jeremiah 48:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →
Source. The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence jps:JER:1253 of Mova's parse database.
The tree and the speech act come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JER.1253/