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Test 3 · ★ · Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders

A pond is full of frogs and frogspawn every spring. What does that tell you about the pond?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: pond, that · What happens: be, tell · To what, where: you · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 32 «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A pond is full of frogs and frogspawn every spring.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 pond	det
2	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 full	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 full	cop
4	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 frogs	case
6	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 full	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 frogspawn	cc
8	frogspawn	frogspawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 frogs	conj
9	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	10 spring	det
10	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 full	obl:unmarked
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 full	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	a pond				spring	of frogs and frogspawn; full property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What does that tell you about the pond?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 tell	obj
2	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 tell	aux
3	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 tell	nsubj
4	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	4 tell	iobj
6	about	about	ADP	_	8 pond	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 pond	det
8	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tell	obl
9	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 tell	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present · do-support	that		you			about the pond	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is badly polluted

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 polluted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 polluted	aux:pass
3	badly	badly	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 polluted	advmod
4	polluted	pollute	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pollute	present · passive		It				badly property	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Its water is probably clean

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 water	nmod:poss
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 clean	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 clean	cop
4	probably	probably	ADV	_	5 clean	advmod
5	clean	clean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Its water					clean, probably property	tree rules

Option 3

It has no insects at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 insects	det
4	insects	insect	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 insects	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	It	no insects		all			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent insect=Patient

Option 4

It must be very salty

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 salty	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 salty	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 salty	cop
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 salty	advmod
5	salty	salty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	must	It					salty property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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