Test 4 · ★ · Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders

What would happen if a frog were kept in a dry box with no water for days?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: happen, keep · To what, where: frog, dry box

This is test 4 · ★ of lesson 32 «Frogs, toads, newts and salamanders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	8 kept	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 frog	det
6	frog	frog	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 kept	nsubj:pass
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 kept	aux:pass
8	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 happen	advcl
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 box	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 box	det
11	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 box	amod
12	box	box	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 kept	obl
13	with	with	ADP	_	15 water	case
14	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	15 water	det
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 box	nmod
16	for	for	ADP	_	17 days	case
17	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 kept	obl
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	keep a condition, not said to happen	past · passive		a frog		a dry box with no water	day		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme in box=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It would turn back into a tadpole

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 turn	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 turn	aux
3	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	back	back	ADV	_	3 turn	advmod
5	into	into	ADP	_	7 tadpole	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 tadpole	det
7	tadpole	tadpole	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn back	would	It					into a tadpole	vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

It would grow a hard shell

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 grow	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 grow	aux
3	grow	grow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 shell	det
5	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 shell	amod
6	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 grow	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	would	It	a hard shell					vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location shell=Theme

Option 3

Nothing at all, as frogs only need water when they are tadpoles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	8 need	nsubj
2	at	at	ADP	_	3 all	case
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	1 Nothing	nmod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 frogs	punct
5	as	as	ADP	_	6 frogs	case
6	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 need	nsubj
7	only	only	ADV	_	8 need	advmod
8	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 need	obj
10	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	13 tadpoles	advmod
11	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 tadpoles	nsubj
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 tadpoles	cop
13	tadpoles	tadpole	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 need	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	Nothing	water					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot water=Theme
2	is a	present	frogs = frog	tadpoles					tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Its skin would dry and it could not breathe or drink properly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 skin	nmod:poss
2	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dry	nsubj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 dry	aux
4	dry	dry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 breathe	cc
6	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 breathe	nsubj
7	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 breathe	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 breathe	advmod
9	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 dry	conj
10	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 drink	cc
11	drink	drink	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 breathe	conj
12	properly	properly	ADV	_	9 breathe	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	dry	would	Its skin		vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	not breathe	could	skin	properly property	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	drink	infinitive	skin not said here		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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