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Test 8 · Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird

A monarch butterfly arrives in Mexico for the first time. How did it find the way?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: monarch butterfly, butterfly · What happens: arrive, find · To what, where: Mexico, way

This is test 8 of lesson 48 «Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A monarch butterfly arrives in Mexico for the first time.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 butterfly	det
2	monarch	monarch	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 butterfly	compound
3	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 arrives	nsubj
4	arrives	arrive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 Mexico	case
6	Mexico	Mexico	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 arrives	obl
7	for	for	ADP	_	10 time	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 time	det
9	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	10 time	amod
10	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 arrives	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 arrives	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	arrive	present	a monarch butterfly			Mexico	time		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: How did it find the way?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	4 find	advmod
2	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 find	aux
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 find	nsubj
4	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 way	det
6	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 find	obj
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 find	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	find	past · do-support	butterfly	the way					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Using the Sun and an inner clock, though it has never been there

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Using	use	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 Sun	det
3	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Using	obj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 clock	cc
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 clock	det
6	inner	inner	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 clock	amod
7	clock	clock	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 Sun	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Using	punct
9	though	though	SCONJ	_	14 there	mark
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 there	nsubj
11	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 there	aux
12	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	14 there	advmod
13	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	14 there	cop
14	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	1 Using	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	gerund		the Sun and a inner clock					vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sun=Patient
2	not is	present · perfect	clock					there property	tree rules

Option 2

Its parents flew with it last year and showed it the way

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 parents	nmod:poss
2	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 flew	nsubj
3	flew	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 it	case
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 flew	obl
6	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 year	amod
7	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 flew	obl:unmarked
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 showed	cc
9	showed	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 flew	conj
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 showed	obj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 way	det
12	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 showed	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	past	Its parents				year	with it	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	show	past	Its parents not said here	it				the way obl:unmarked	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient

Option 3

It followed a map left by other butterflies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 followed	nsubj
2	followed	follow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 map	det
4	map	map	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 followed	obj
5	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 map	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 butterflies	case
7	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 butterflies	amod
8	butterflies	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 left	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	past	It	a map					vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent map=Theme
2	leave	participle		a map not said here				by other butterflies	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent by butterfly=Location

Option 4

It asked the birds on the way

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 asked	nsubj
2	asked	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 birds	det
4	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 asked	obj
5	on	on	ADP	_	7 way	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 way	det
7	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 asked	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	past	It		the birds	the way			vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent bird=Recipient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/48-life-cycles-metamorphosis/t8/