Test 9 · Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird
In a game, a grasshopper spins a chrysalis before it gets wings. What is wrong?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: grasshopper · What happens: spin, get, be · To what, where: chrysalis, game, wings
This is test 9 of lesson 48 «Life cycles and metamorphosis: frog, butterfly, ladybird» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: In a game, a grasshopper spins a chrysalis before it gets wings.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 game | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 game | det |
| 3 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 spins | obl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 game | punct |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 grasshopper | det |
| 6 | grasshopper | grasshopper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 spins | nsubj |
| 7 | spins | spin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 chrysalis | det |
| 9 | chrysalis | chrysalis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 spins | obj |
| 10 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 12 gets | mark |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 gets | nsubj |
| 12 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 spins | advcl |
| 13 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 gets | obj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 spins | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spin | present | a grasshopper | a chrysalis | a game | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent chrysalis=Theme | |||
| 2 | get | present | grasshopper | wings | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wing=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is wrong?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 wrong | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 wrong | cop |
| 3 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 wrong | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | wrong property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
Nothing, that is right
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | root | root |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Nothing | punct |
| 3 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 right | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 right | cop |
| 5 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Nothing | acl:relcl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | right property | tree rules |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
Grasshoppers never get wings and only ever hop about in the grass
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Grasshoppers | grasshopper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 get | nsubj |
| 2 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 3 get | advmod |
| 3 | get | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 get | obj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 hop | cc |
| 6 | only | only | ADV | _ | 8 hop | advmod |
| 7 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 8 hop | advmod |
| 8 | hop | hop | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 get | conj |
| 9 | about | about | ADP | _ | 12 grass | case |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 grass | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 grass | det |
| 12 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 hop | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not get | present | Grasshoppers | wings | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wing=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | hop | infinitive | Grasshoppers not said here | ever | about the grass | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme about grass=Trajectory |
Option 3
Grasshoppers hatch from frogspawn
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Grasshoppers | grasshopper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 hatch | nsubj |
| 2 | hatch | hatch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 4 frogspawn | case |
| 4 | frogspawn | frogspawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 hatch | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hatch | present | Grasshoppers | from frogspawn | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: agent=Agent from frogspawn=Patient |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Grasshoppers have no pupa: nymphs moult and get wings at the end
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Grasshoppers | grasshopper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 4 pupa | det |
| 4 | pupa | pupa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 have | obj |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 7 moult | punct |
| 6 | nymphs | nymph | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 moult | nsubj |
| 7 | moult | moult | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 have | parataxis |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 get | cc |
| 9 | get | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 moult | conj |
| 10 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 get | obj |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 end | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 end | det |
| 13 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 get | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Grasshoppers | no pupa | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pupa=Patient | ||||
| 2 | moult | present | nymphs | vn entity_specific_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | get | present | nymphs not said here | wings | at the end | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent wing=Theme at end=Asset |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/48-life-cycles-metamorphosis/t9/