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Exam question 3 · Lungs and breathing

It is given that a person has engaged in vigorous running. Ascertain the principal stimulus for the consequent increase in rate of breathing.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, engage, ascertain · To what, where: It, person, vigorous running, principal stimulus

This is exam question 3 of lesson 66 «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a person has engaged in vigorous running.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 engaged	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 person	det
6	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 engaged	nsubj:pass
7	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 engaged	aux
8	engaged	engage	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 running	case
10	vigorous	vigorous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 running	amod
11	running	running	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 engaged	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	engage	present · perfect · passive		a person				in vigorous running goal	vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Theme in running=Goal

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the principal stimulus for the consequent increase in rate of breathing.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 stimulus	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 stimulus	amod
4	stimulus	stimulus	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	8 increase	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 increase	det
7	consequent	consequent	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 increase	compound
8	increase	increase	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 stimulus	nmod
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 rate	case
10	rate	rate	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 increase	nmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 breathing	case
12	breathing	breathing	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 rate	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the principal stimulus				for the consequent increase in rate of breathing	vn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition stimulus=Theme for increase=Beneficiary

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

A reduction in the size of the lungs during exertion

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 reduction	det
2	reduction	reduction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 size	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 size	det
5	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reduction	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 lungs	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 lungs	det
8	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 size	nmod
9	during	during	ADP	_	10 exertion	case
10	exertion	exertion	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 reduction	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

The cooling of the blood by the evaporation of sweat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cooling	det
2	cooling	cooling	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 blood	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 blood	det
5	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cooling	nmod
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 evaporation	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 evaporation	det
8	evaporation	evaporation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cooling	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 sweat	case
10	sweat	sweat	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 evaporation	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool		the evaporation of sweat	the blood					nom cooling «process transitive»: of=patient by=agent
2	evaporate			sweat					nom evaporation «process transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A rise in carbon dioxide detected by the brain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 rise	det
2	rise	rise	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 dioxide	case
4	carbon	carbon	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dioxide	compound
5	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 rise	nmod
6	detected	detect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 rise	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 brain	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 brain	det
9	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 detected	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	detect	participle		a rise in carbon dioxide not said here				by the brain	vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

The obstruction of the nasal passages by mucus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 obstruction	det
2	obstruction	obstruction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 passages	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 passages	det
5	nasal	nasal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 passages	amod
6	passages	passage	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 obstruction	nmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 mucus	case
8	mucus	mucus	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 passages	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass		mucus						nom passage «act intransitive»: by=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/e3/