Test 1 · Lungs and breathing

shut up and blow, how come one breath can blow up a whole balloon?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, one breath · What happens: shut up, blow, come, blow up · To what, where: whole balloon

This is test 1 of lesson 66 «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	shut	shut	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	up	up	ADP	_	1 shut	compound:prt
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 blow	cc
4	blow	blow	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 shut	conj
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 come	punct
6	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	7 come	advmod
7	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 blow	ccomp
8	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 breath	nummod
9	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 blow	nsubj
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 blow	aux
11	blow	blow	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 come	conj
12	up	up	ADP	_	11 blow	compound:prt
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 balloon	det
14	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 balloon	amod
15	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 blow	obj
16	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 shut	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	shut up	imperative	you not said here		vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	blow	infinitive	you not said here		tree rules
3	come	infinitive	you not said here		vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	blow up	can	one breath	a whole balloon	vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent balloon=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Your lungs hold a few litres of air and you push most of it out

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 lungs	nmod:poss
2	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hold	nsubj
3	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 litres	det
5	few	few	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 litres	amod
6	litres	litre	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hold	obj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 air	case
8	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 litres	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 push	cc
10	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	11 push	nsubj
11	push	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 hold	conj
12	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	11 push	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 it	case
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 most	nmod
15	out	out	ADP	_	11 push	compound:prt

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	Your lungs	a few litres of air					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Theme
2	push out	present	you	most of air					vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Theme

Option 2

Your stomach blows extra air into the balloon too

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 stomach	nmod:poss
2	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blows	nsubj
3	blows	blow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 air	amod
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blows	obj
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 balloon	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 balloon	det
8	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blows	obl
9	too	too	ADV	_	3 blows	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blow	present	Your stomach	extra air		the balloon			vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent air=Material into balloon=Product

Option 3

The balloon sucks the air out of you by itself once you start blowing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 balloon	det
2	balloon	balloon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sucks	nsubj
3	sucks	suck	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 air	det
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sucks	obj
6	out	out	ADP	_	8 you	case
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 you	case
8	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	3 sucks	obl
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 itself	case
10	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	3 sucks	obl
11	once	once	SCONJ	_	13 start	mark
12	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	13 start	nsubj
13	start	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sucks	advcl
14	blowing	blow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	13 start	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	suck	present	the balloon	the air	out you; by balloon	vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent air=Theme out you=Source
2	start	present	you			vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	blow	gerund	you not said here			vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Breath swells up to ten times bigger once it is warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 swells	nsubj
2	swells	swell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	up	up	ADP	_	2 swells	compound:prt
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 times	case
5	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 times	nummod
6	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 bigger	obl:unmarked
7	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	2 swells	parataxis
8	once	once	SCONJ	_	11 warm	mark
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 warm	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 warm	cop
11	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 bigger	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swell up	present	Breath						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
2	is	present	Breath					warm property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/t1/