Test 2 · Lungs and breathing

In a cartoon a fish lies on the beach and breathes fine for an hour. Put it right.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: fish, you · What happens: lie, breathe, put · To what, where: cartoon, fish

This is test 2 of lesson 66 «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a fish lies on the beach and breathes fine for an hour.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lies	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 fish	det
5	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lies	nsubj
6	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	on	on	ADP	_	9 beach	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 beach	det
9	beach	beach	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lies	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 breathes	cc
11	breathes	breathe	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 lies	conj
12	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 breathes	xcomp
13	for	for	ADP	_	15 hour	case
14	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 hour	det
15	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 breathes	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 lies	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lie	present	a fish			a cartoon		on the beach	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cartoon=Location
2	breathe	present	a fish not said here				hour	fine property	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Put it right.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Put	put	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Put	obj
3	right	right	ADV	_	1 Put	advmod
4	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Put	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	put	imperative	you not said here	fish				right property	vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent it=Goal

The options

Option 1

Fish do not need to breathe at all, so nothing goes wrong

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 need	nsubj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 need	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 need	advmod
4	need	need	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 breathe	mark
6	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 need	xcomp
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 all	case
8	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 breathe	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 goes	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	12 goes	advmod
11	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	12 goes	nsubj
12	goes	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 need	parataxis
13	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 goes	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	not need	present · do-support	Fish			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	breathe not said to happen	to-infinitive	Fish not said here	all		vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	go	present	nothing		wrong property	vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

Fish can breathe air just as well as water, so the cartoon is fine

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 breathe	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 breathe	aux
3	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 breathe	obj
5	just	just	ADV	_	6 as	advmod
6	as	as	ADV	ExtPos=ADV	3 breathe	advmod
7	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	6 as	fixed
8	as	as	ADP	_	9 water	case
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 breathe	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 fine	punct
11	so	so	ADV	_	15 fine	advmod
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 cartoon	det
13	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 fine	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 fine	cop
15	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 breathe	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe	can	Fish	air				as water	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme
2	is	present	the cartoon					fine property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Out of water a fish's gills collapse and it cannot get oxygen

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Out	out	ADP	_	3 water	case
2	of	of	ADP	_	3 water	case
3	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 collapse	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 fish	det
5	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 gills	nmod:poss
6	's	's	PART	_	5 fish	case
7	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 collapse	nsubj
8	collapse	collapse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 get	cc
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 get	nsubj
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 get	aux
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	13 get	advmod
13	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 collapse	conj
14	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 get	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	collapse	present	a fish's gills			water			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	not get	can	fish	oxygen					vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer oxygen=Stimulus

Option 4

Fish can hold their breath for days, so an hour is easy

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hold	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 hold	aux
3	hold	hold	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 breath	nmod:poss
5	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hold	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 days	case
7	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hold	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 easy	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	13 easy	advmod
10	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 hour	det
11	hour	hour	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 easy	nsubj
12	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 easy	cop
13	easy	easy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 hold	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	can	Fish	Fish's breath			day		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breath=Theme
2	is	present	a hour					easy property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/t2/