Test 3 · Lungs and breathing
My brother says whales are fish because they live in the sea. Right?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: brother, whales · What happens: say, be, live · To what, where: fish, sea · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 3 of lesson 66 «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: My brother says whales are fish because they live in the sea.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 brother | nmod:poss |
| 2 | brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 says | nsubj |
| 3 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 fish | nsubj |
| 5 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 fish | cop |
| 6 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 says | ccomp |
| 7 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 9 live | mark |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 live | nsubj |
| 9 | live | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 says | ccomp |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 sea | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 sea | det |
| 12 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 live | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | My brother | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | whales | fish | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | live | present | whales = whale | the sea | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sea=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Right?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Right | right | INTJ | _ | root | root |
| 2 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Right | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The options
Option 1
No, whales are really a kind of giant shark
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 7 kind | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 kind | nsubj |
| 4 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 kind | cop |
| 5 | really | really | ADV | _ | 7 kind | advmod |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 kind | det |
| 7 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 shark | case |
| 9 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 shark | amod |
| 10 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 kind | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | whales | a kind | of giant shark | tree rules |
Option 2
Yes, they have gills hidden just under the blowhole
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 4 have | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 have | nsubj |
| 4 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 have | obj |
| 6 | hidden | hide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 gills | acl |
| 7 | just | just | ADV | _ | 10 blowhole | advmod |
| 8 | under | under | ADP | _ | 10 blowhole | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 blowhole | det |
| 10 | blowhole | blowhole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 hidden | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | they | gills | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gill=Patient | ||||
| 2 | hide | participle | gills not said here | the blowhole | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under blowhole=Location |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
No, whales breathe air with lungs through a blowhole
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 4 breathe | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 breathe | nsubj |
| 4 | breathe | breathe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 breathe | obj |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 lungs | case |
| 7 | lungs | lung | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 breathe | obl |
| 8 | through | through | ADP | _ | 10 blowhole | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 blowhole | det |
| 10 | blowhole | blowhole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 breathe | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | breathe | present | whales | air | a blowhole | with lungs | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme |
Option 4
Yes, the blow is the water coming out of their gills
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 7 water | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 blow | det |
| 4 | blow | blow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 water | nsubj |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 water | cop |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 water | det |
| 7 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | coming | come | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 water | acl |
| 9 | out | out | ADP | _ | 12 gills | case |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 gills | case |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 gills | nmod:poss |
| 12 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 coming | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the blow | the water | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | come out | gerund | the water not said here | their gills | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient gill=Result |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/t3/