Test 9 · Lungs and breathing

Why does a whale's blow look like a fountain on a cold day?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: whale · What happens: do, look, blow · To what, where: blow

This is test 9 of lesson 66 «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	2 does	advmod
2	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 look	advcl
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 whale	det
4	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 blow	nmod:poss
5	's	's	PART	_	4 whale	case
6	blow	blow	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 does	obj
7	look	look	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	like	like	ADP	_	10 fountain	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 fountain	det
10	fountain	fountain	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 look	obl
11	on	on	ADP	_	14 day	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 day	det
13	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 day	amod
14	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 look	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 look	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	do	present		a whale's blow			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blow=Eventuality
2	look	present			day	like a fountain	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
3	blow		a whale				nom blow «act intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The whale is blowing a big jet of bubbles out of its tail

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 whale	det
2	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blowing	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 blowing	aux
4	blowing	blow	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 jet	det
6	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 jet	amod
7	jet	jet	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blowing	obj
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 bubbles	case
9	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 jet	nmod
10	out	out	ADP	_	13 tail	case
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 tail	case
12	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 tail	nmod:poss
13	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 blowing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blow	present · progressive	the whale	a big jet of bubbles		whale's tail			vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent jet=Patient

Option 2

The whale is spouting out the seawater it swallowed into its stomach

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 whale	det
2	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 spouting	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 spouting	aux
4	spouting	spout	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	out	out	ADP	_	4 spouting	compound:prt
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 seawater	det
7	seawater	seawater	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 spouting	obj
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 swallowed	nsubj
9	swallowed	swallow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 seawater	acl:relcl
10	into	into	ADP	_	12 stomach	case
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 stomach	nmod:poss
12	stomach	stomach	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 swallowed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spout out	present · progressive	the whale	the seawater					vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location seawater=Source
2	swallow	past	whale	the seawater not said here		whale's stomach			vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent seawater=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Its warm, wet breath turns to mist in the cold air, with some spray

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 breath	nmod:poss
2	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 breath	amod
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 warm	punct
4	wet	wet	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 breath	amod
5	breath	breath	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 turns	nsubj
6	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	to	to	PART	_	8 mist	mark
8	mist	mist	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 turns	xcomp
9	in	in	ADP	_	12 air	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 air	det
11	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 air	amod
12	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 mist	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 spray	punct
14	with	with	ADP	_	16 spray	case
15	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	16 spray	det
16	spray	spray	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 turns	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	Its warm wet breath						tree rules
2	mist	to-infinitive	Its warm wet breath not said here			the cold air			vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»

Option 4

The whale is sneezing out the little fish it could not eat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 whale	det
2	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sneezing	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sneezing	aux
4	sneezing	sneeze	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	out	out	ADP	_	4 sneezing	compound:prt
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 fish	det
7	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 fish	amod
8	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sneezing	obj
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 eat	nsubj
10	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 eat	aux
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 eat	advmod
12	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	8 fish	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sneeze out	present · progressive	the whale	the little fish					tree rules
2	not eat	could	whale	the little fish not said here					vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/t9/