Test 10 · Lungs and breathing
In a game your hero holds his breath for an hour underwater. Which animal could really do that?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: hero, animal · What happens: hold, do · To what, where: breath, game, that
This is test 10 of lesson 66 «Lungs and breathing» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: In a game your hero holds his breath for an hour underwater.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 game | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 game | det |
| 3 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 holds | obl |
| 4 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 hero | nmod:poss |
| 5 | hero | hero | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 holds | nsubj |
| 6 | holds | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 breath | nmod:poss |
| 8 | breath | breath | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 holds | obj |
| 9 | for | for | ADP | _ | 12 underwater | case |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 underwater | det |
| 11 | hour | hour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 underwater | compound |
| 12 | underwater | underwater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 holds | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 holds | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hold | present | your hero | hero's breath | a game | for a hour underwater | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent breath=Theme in game=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Which animal could really do that?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 2 animal | det |
| 2 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 do | nsubj |
| 3 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 5 do | aux |
| 4 | really | really | ADV | _ | 5 do | advmod |
| 5 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 do | obj |
| 7 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 do | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | do | could | which animal | that | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Eventuality |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Goldfish
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Goldfish | goldfish | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
Pet dogs
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Pet | pet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 dogs | compound |
| 2 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
Humans who train hard
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Humans | human | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 2 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 3 train | nsubj |
| 3 | train | train | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Humans | acl:relcl |
| 4 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 train | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | train | present | Humans | hard property | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Some whales
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 whales | det |
| 2 | whales | whale | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/66-lungs-and-breathing/t10/