Exam question 1 · Fossils

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a fossil?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: fossil

This is exam question 1 of lesson 57 «Fossils» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 fossil	det
10	fossil	fossil	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a fossil				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The skeleton of an animal deceased within the present year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 skeleton	det
2	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 animal	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 animal	det
5	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 skeleton	nmod
6	deceased	decease	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 skeleton	acl
7	within	within	ADP	_	10 year	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 year	det
9	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 year	amod
10	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 deceased	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	decease	participle		the skeleton of a animal not said here			year		vn die-42.4 «NP V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Any stone of irregular form discovered in the soil

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	2 stone	det
2	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 discovered	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 form	case
4	irregular	irregular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 form	amod
5	form	form	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stone	nmod
6	discovered	discover	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 soil	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 soil	det
9	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 discovered	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	discover	participle · passive		any stone of irregular form		the soil			vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic

Option 3

A replica of an organism fashioned in plaster

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 replica	det
2	replica	replica	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fashioned	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 organism	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 organism	det
5	organism	organism	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 replica	nmod
6	fashioned	fashioned	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 plaster	case
8	plaster	plaster	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fashioned	obl

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The preserved remains or trace of an organism of considerable antiquity

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 remains	det
2	preserved	preserve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 remains	amod
3	remains	remains	NOUN	Number=Ptan	root	root
4	or	or	CCONJ	_	5 trace	cc
5	trace	trace	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 remains	conj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 organism	case
7	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 organism	det
8	organism	organism	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 trace	nmod
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 antiquity	case
10	considerable	considerable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 antiquity	amod
11	antiquity	antiquity	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 organism	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	preserve	participle							vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/57-fossils/e1/