Exam question 1 · Running, gymnastics and martial arts

Identify the principal reason for which a runner who commences an 800-metre race at maximum velocity subsequently decelerates markedly.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, runner · What happens: identify, commence, decelerate · To what, where: principal reason, 800-metre race, maximum velocity

This is exam question 1 of lesson 43 «Running, gymnastics and martial arts» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 decelerates	obl
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 runner	det
8	runner	runner	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 decelerates	nsubj
9	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	10 commences	nsubj
10	commences	commence	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 runner	acl:relcl
11	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 race	det
12	800-metre	800-metre	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 race	compound
13	race	race	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 commences	obj
14	at	at	ADP	_	16 velocity	case
15	maximum	maximum	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 velocity	amod
16	velocity	velocity	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 commences	obl
17	subsequently	subsequently	ADV	_	18 decelerates	advmod
18	decelerates	decelerate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl
19	markedly	markedly	ADV	_	18 decelerates	advmod
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	commence	present	a runner	a 800-metre race	maximum velocity		vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Eventuality
3	decelerate	present	a runner			for the principal reason; markedly, subsequently property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The footwear loses its grip upon the track

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 footwear	det
2	footwear	footwear	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 loses	nsubj
3	loses	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 grip	nmod:poss
5	grip	grip	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 loses	obj
6	upon	upon	ADP	_	8 track	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 track	det
8	track	track	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 loses	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present	the footwear	footwear's grip				upon the track	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grip=Eventuality
2	grip		footwear						nom grip «act transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

Lactic acid accumulates in the lungs and obstructs respiration

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Lactic	lactic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 acid	amod
2	acid	acid	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 accumulates	nsubj
3	accumulates	accumulate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 lungs	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 lungs	det
6	lungs	lung	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 accumulates	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 obstructs	cc
8	obstructs	obstruct	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 accumulates	conj
9	respiration	respiration	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 obstructs	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	accumulate	present	Lactic acid			the lungs			vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	obstruct	present	Lactic acid not said here	respiration					vn discourage-64.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer respiration=Eventuality

Option 3

The second lap exceeds the first in length

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 lap	det
2	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	3 lap	amod
3	lap	lap	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 exceeds	nsubj
4	exceeds	exceed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 first	det
6	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	4 exceeds	obj
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 length	case
8	length	length	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 exceeds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exceed	present	the second lap	the first				in length	vn exceed-90 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot first=Theme in length=Attribute

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The rapidly available muscular fuel is depleted within approximately one minute

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 fuel	det
2	rapidly	rapidly	ADV	_	3 available	advmod
3	available	available	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 fuel	amod
4	muscular	muscular	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 fuel	amod
5	fuel	fuel	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 depleted	nsubj:pass
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 depleted	aux:pass
7	depleted	deplete	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	within	within	ADP	_	11 minute	case
9	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	10 one	advmod
10	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 minute	nummod
11	minute	minute	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 depleted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deplete	present · passive		the available muscular fuel			minute		vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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