Gases all around: breath and balloons, sentence 15
The white cloud from a car exhaust on a cold morning is mostly water vapour; burning petrol also makes carbon dioxide and some harmful gases.
Who acts: white cloud · What happens: be, burn, make · To what, where: water vapour, petrol, carbon dioxide
This is a sentence of the lesson «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (white cloud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 cloud | det |
| 2 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 cloud | amod |
| 3 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 vapour | nsubj |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 exhaust | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 exhaust | det |
| 6 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 exhaust | compound |
| 7 | exhaust | exhaust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cloud | nmod |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 morning | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 morning | det |
| 10 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 morning | amod |
| 11 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cloud | nmod |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 vapour | cop |
| 13 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 15 vapour | advmod |
| 14 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 vapour | compound |
| 15 | vapour | vapour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 makes | parataxis |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 vapour | punct |
| 17 | burning | burn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 makes | nsubj |
| 18 | petrol | petrol | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 burning | obj |
| 19 | also | also | ADV | _ | 20 makes | advmod |
| 20 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 21 | carbon | carbon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 dioxide | compound |
| 22 | dioxide | dioxide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 makes | obj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 gases | cc |
| 24 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 26 gases | det |
| 25 | harmful | harmful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 gases | amod |
| 26 | gases | gas | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 dioxide | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 vapour | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the white cloud from a car exhaust on a cold morning | water vapour | mostly property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | burn | gerund | petrol | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent petrol=Theme | |||||
| 3 | make | present | carbon dioxide and some harmful gases | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset dioxide=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:020-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/15/