Gases all around: breath and balloons, sentence 19

Cold gas particles move slower and hit the walls less hard, so tyres have lower pressure in cold weather and drivers check them more often in winter.

Who acts: Cold gas particles, tyres, drivers · What happens: move, hit, have, check · To what, where: walls, lower pressure, cold weather

This is a sentence of the lesson «Gases all around: breath and balloons» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cold gas particles, tyres, drivers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 particles	amod
2	gas	gas	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 particles	compound
3	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 move	nsubj
4	move	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	slower	slow	ADV	Degree=Cmp	4 move	advmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 hit	cc
7	hit	hit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 move	conj
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 walls	det
9	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 hit	obj
10	less	less	ADV	Degree=Cmp	11 hard	advmod
11	hard	hard	ADV	Degree=Pos	7 hit	advmod
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 have	punct
13	so	so	ADV	_	15 have	advmod
14	tyres	tyre	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 have	nsubj
15	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 move	parataxis
16	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	17 pressure	amod
17	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 have	obj
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 weather	case
19	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 weather	amod
20	weather	weather	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 have	obl
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 check	cc
22	drivers	driver	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 check	nsubj
23	check	check	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 have	conj
24	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 check	obj
25	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	26 often	advmod
26	often	often	ADV	_	23 check	advmod
27	in	in	ADP	_	28 winter	case
28	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 check	obl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 move	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	present	Cold gas particles				slow property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	hit	present	Cold gas particles not said here	the walls			hard property	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme wall=Co-Theme
3	have	present	tyres	lower pressure	cold weather			vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pressure=Patient
4	check	present	drivers	walls = wall		winter	often property	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:020-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons.lesson:19.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/20-gases-all-around-breath-and-balloons/19/