Glass and pottery, sentence 2
When glass cools, its particles do not have time to line up in neat crystals; they freeze in a jumble, so glass is a hard solid that breaks with smooth, razor-sharp edges.
Who acts: glass, particles, hard solid · What happens: cool, not have, line up, freeze, be, break · To what, where: jumble, hard solid, smooth razor sharp edges
This is a sentence of the lesson «Glass and pottery» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (glass, particles, hard solid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 3 cools | mark |
| 2 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cools | nsubj |
| 3 | cools | cool | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 have | advcl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 have | punct |
| 5 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 particles | nmod:poss |
| 6 | particles | particle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 have | nsubj |
| 7 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 have | aux |
| 8 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 have | advmod |
| 9 | have | have | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 10 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 have | obj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 line | mark |
| 12 | line | line | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 time | acl |
| 13 | up | up | ADP | _ | 12 line | compound:prt |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 crystals | case |
| 15 | neat | neat | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 crystals | amod |
| 16 | crystals | crystal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 line | obl |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 freeze | punct |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 freeze | nsubj |
| 19 | freeze | freeze | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 have | parataxis |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 jumble | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 jumble | det |
| 22 | jumble | jumble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 freeze | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 solid | punct |
| 24 | so | so | ADV | _ | 29 solid | advmod |
| 25 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 solid | nsubj |
| 26 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 solid | cop |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 solid | det |
| 28 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 solid | amod |
| 29 | solid | solid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 have | advcl |
| 30 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 31 breaks | nsubj |
| 31 | breaks | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 solid | acl:relcl |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 smooth | case |
| 33 | smooth | smooth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 edges | amod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 edges | punct |
| 35 | razor | razor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 edges | compound |
| 36 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 35 razor | punct |
| 37 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 edges | amod |
| 38 | edges | edge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 breaks | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 have | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cool | present | glass | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 2 | not have | present · do-support | glass's particles | time | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | line up | to-infinitive | glass's particles not said here | in neat crystals | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent in crystal=Theme | ||||
| 4 | freeze | present | particles = particle | a jumble | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | glass | a hard solid | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | break | present | a hard solid | smooth razor sharp edges | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:030-glass-and-pottery.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/30-glass-and-pottery/2/