Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing, sentence 1

Heat makes particles shake harder until they break free: ice melts, and water evaporates or boils; cooling slows them so they stick together again.

Who acts: Heat, particles, ice, water, cooling · What happens: make, shake, break, melt, evaporate, boil · To what, where: particles, ice

This is a sentence of the lesson «Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Heat, particles, ice, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Heat	heat	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	particles	particle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 makes	obj
4	shake	shake	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 makes	xcomp
5	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 shake	xcomp
6	until	until	SCONJ	_	8 break	mark
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 break	nsubj
8	break	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 shake	advcl
9	free	free	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 break	xcomp
10	:	:	PUNCT	_	12 melts	punct
11	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 melts	nsubj
12	melts	melt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 makes	parataxis
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 evaporates	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 evaporates	cc
15	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 evaporates	nsubj
16	evaporates	evaporate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 melts	conj
17	or	or	CCONJ	_	18 boils	cc
18	boils	boil	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 evaporates	conj
19	;	;	PUNCT	_	21 slows	punct
20	cooling	cooling	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 slows	nsubj
21	slows	slow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 makes	conj
22	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	21 slows	obj
23	so	so	SCONJ	_	25 stick	mark
24	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 stick	nsubj
25	stick	stick	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 slows	advcl
26	together	together	ADV	_	25 stick	advmod
27	again	again	ADV	_	25 stick	advmod
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 makes	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Heat	particles			tree rules
2	shake	infinitive	particles not said here			hard property	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient
3	break	present	particles = particle			free property	vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
4	melt	present	ice				vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
5	evaporate	present	water				vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
6	boil	present	water not said here				vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
7	slow	present	cooling	ice			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient
8	stick together	present	ice		again	together property	vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:005-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/1/