Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing, sentence 15

Salt makes ice melt below 0 °C, because salty water freezes at a lower temperature; it stops working well in very hard frost.

Who acts: Salt, 0, salty water, Water · What happens: make, melt, freeze, stop, work · To what, where: 0, ice, lower temperature

This is a sentence of the lesson «Melting, freezing, boiling and condensing» of the chemistry course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Salt, 0, salty water, Water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Salt	salt	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 makes	nsubj
2	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 melt	obj
4	melt	melt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 makes	xcomp
5	below	below	ADV	_	6 0	advmod
6	0	0	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 makes	obl
7	°	°	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 0	list
8	C	c	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 °	nmod:unmarked
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 freezes	punct
10	because	because	SCONJ	_	13 freezes	mark
11	salty	salty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 water	amod
12	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 freezes	nsubj
13	freezes	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 makes	conj
14	at	at	ADP	_	17 temperature	case
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 temperature	det
16	lower	low	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	17 temperature	amod
17	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 freezes	obl
18	;	;	PUNCT	_	20 stops	punct
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 stops	nsubj
20	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 makes	parataxis
21	working	work	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	20 stops	xcomp
22	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	21 working	advmod
23	in	in	ADP	_	26 frost	case
24	very	very	ADV	_	25 hard	advmod
25	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 frost	amod
26	frost	frost	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 working	obl
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 makes	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	make	present	Salt	0			tree rules
2	melt	infinitive	0 not said here	ice			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient ice=Result
3	freeze	present	salty water		a lower temperature		vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	stop	present	Water				vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
5	work	gerund	Water not said here			in hard frost; well property	vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in frost=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:chemistry:005-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/chemistry/5-melting-freezing-boiling-condensing/15/