Africa: countries and capitals, sentence 1

Many African borders were not drawn by Africans: at the Berlin Conference of 1884 and 1885 European powers agreed rules for dividing Africa among themselves, and no African was in the room.

Who acts: Africans, European powers, rules, African · What happens: not draw, agree, divide, be · To what, where: Many African borders, rules, Berlin Conference, Africa, room

This is a sentence of the lesson «Africa: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Africans, European powers, rules, African), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 borders	amod
2	African	African	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 borders	amod
3	borders	border	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 drawn	nsubj:pass
4	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 drawn	aux:pass
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 drawn	advmod
6	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 Africans	case
8	Africans	African	PROPN	Number=Plur	6 drawn	obl:agent
9	:	:	PUNCT	_	13 Conference	punct
10	at	at	ADP	_	13 Conference	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Conference	det
12	Berlin	Berlin	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Conference	compound
13	Conference	Conference	PROPN	Number=Sing	20 agreed	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 1884	case
15	1884	1884	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	13 Conference	nmod
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 1885	cc
17	1885	1885	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 1884	conj
18	European	European	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 powers	amod
19	powers	power	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 agreed	nsubj
20	agreed	agree	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 drawn	parataxis
21	rules	rule	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 agreed	obj
22	for	for	SCONJ	_	23 dividing	mark
23	dividing	divide	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	21 rules	acl
24	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 dividing	obj
25	among	among	ADP	_	26 themselves	case
26	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	23 dividing	obl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 room	punct
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 was	cc
29	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	30 African	det
30	African	African	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 was	nsubj
31	was	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 drawn	conj
32	in	in	ADP	_	34 room	case
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 room	det
34	room	room	NOUN	Number=Sing	31 was	obl
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 drawn	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	not draw	past · passive	Africans	Many African borders			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	agree speech: agree	past	European powers	rules	the Berlin Conference of 1884		vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent rule=Topic
3	divide	gerund	rules not said here	Africa		among powers = power	vn multiply-108-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent africa=Theme
4	be	past	no African		the room		vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in room=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:013-africa-countries-and-capitals.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/13-africa-countries-and-capitals/1/