Climate zones and why they are where they are, sentence 17

Temperature usually falls by about 6.5 degrees Celsius for every 1,000 metres you climb, which is why Kilimanjaro, close to the equator, has had snow and glaciers on top, though they are shrinking fast.

Who acts: Temperature, you, Kilimanjaro, snow · What happens: fall, climb, be, have, shrink · To what, where: 1,000 metres, snow, top

This is a sentence of the lesson «Climate zones and why they are where they are» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Temperature, you, Kilimanjaro, snow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 falls	nsubj
2	usually	usually	ADV	_	3 falls	advmod
3	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	7 degrees	case
5	about	about	ADV	_	6 6.5	advmod
6	6.5	6.5	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	7 degrees	nummod
7	degrees	degree	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 falls	obl
8	Celsius	Celsius	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 degrees	nmod:unmarked
9	for	for	ADP	_	12 metres	case
10	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	12 metres	det
11	1,000	1000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	12 metres	nummod
12	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 falls	obl
13	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	14 climb	nsubj
14	climb	climb	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 metres	acl:relcl
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 why	punct
16	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 why	nsubj
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 why	cop
18	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	14 climb	advmod
19	Kilimanjaro	Kilimanjaro	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 had	nsubj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 close	punct
21	close	close	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 Kilimanjaro	amod
22	to	to	ADP	_	24 equator	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 equator	det
24	equator	equator	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 close	obl
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 Kilimanjaro	punct
26	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	27 had	aux
27	had	have	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	18 why	parataxis
28	snow	snow	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 had	obj
29	and	and	CCONJ	_	30 glaciers	cc
30	glaciers	glacier	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 snow	conj
31	on	on	ADP	_	32 top	case
32	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 had	obl
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 shrinking	punct
34	though	though	SCONJ	_	37 shrinking	mark
35	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	37 shrinking	nsubj
36	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	37 shrinking	aux
37	shrinking	shrink	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	27 had	advcl
38	fast	fast	ADV	Degree=Pos	37 shrinking	advmod
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 falls	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	fall	present	Temperature			by 6.5 degrees Celsius; for every 1,000 metres; usually property	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by degree=Location
2	climb	present	you	every 1,000 metres not said here			vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location metre=Theme
3	is	present				why property	tree rules
4	have	present · perfect	Kilimanjaro	snow and glaciers	top		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snow=Patient
5	shrink	present · progressive	snow			fast property	vn bend-45.2 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:021-climate-zones-and-why-they-are-where-they-are.lesson:17.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/21-climate-zones-and-why-they-are-where-they-are/17/