Weather, storms and the changing climate, sentence 14

Light travels much faster than sound, so you see lightning before you hear thunder, and each 3 seconds between them means about 1 kilometre.

Who acts: Light, you, 3 seconds · What happens: travel, see, hear, mean · To what, where: lightning, thunder, 1 kilometre

This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Light, you, 3 seconds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 travels	nsubj
2	travels	travel	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	much	much	ADV	_	4 faster	advmod
4	faster	fast	ADV	Degree=Cmp	2 travels	advmod
5	than	than	ADP	_	6 sound	case
6	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 faster	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 see	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	10 see	advmod
9	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 see	nsubj
10	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 travels	parataxis
11	lightning	lightning	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 see	obj
12	before	before	SCONJ	_	14 hear	mark
13	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	14 hear	nsubj
14	hear	hear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 see	advcl
15	thunder	thunder	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 hear	obj
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 means	punct
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 means	cc
18	each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	20 seconds	det
19	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	20 seconds	nummod
20	seconds	second	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 means	nsubj
21	between	between	ADP	_	22 them	case
22	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 seconds	nmod
23	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 see	conj
24	about	about	ADV	_	25 1	advmod
25	1	1	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	26 kilometre	nummod
26	kilometre	kilometre	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 means	obj
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 travels	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	travel	present	Light		fast property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	see	present	you	lightning		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lightning=Stimulus
3	hear	present	you	thunder		vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer thunder=Stimulus
4	mean	present	each 3 seconds between ice	1 kilometre		vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilometre=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/14/