Weather, storms and the changing climate, sentence 18

Sea level has risen by more than 20 centimetres since 1900, and it is now rising faster, which puts low places such as the Netherlands, Bangladesh and islands like Tuvalu most at risk; melting ice on land raises the sea, but floating sea ice already pushes aside its own weight of water, so its melting barely does.

Who acts: 20 centimetres, level, melting, floating sea ice · What happens: rise, put, melt, raise, float, push · To what, where: Sea level, low places, risk, ice, land, sea

This is a sentence of the lesson «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (20 centimetres, level, melting, floating sea ice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 level	compound
2	level	level	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 risen	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 risen	aux
4	risen	rise	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	9 centimetres	case
6	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	8 20	advmod
7	than	than	ADP	_	6 more	fixed
8	20	20	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 centimetres	nummod
9	centimetres	centimetre	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 risen	obl
10	since	since	ADP	_	11 1900	case
11	1900	1900	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	4 risen	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 rising	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 rising	cc
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 rising	nsubj
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 rising	aux
16	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	17 rising	advmod
17	rising	rise	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 risen	conj
18	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	17 rising	parataxis
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 puts	punct
20	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	21 puts	nsubj
21	puts	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 faster	conj
22	low	low	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 places	amod
23	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 puts	obj
24	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	27 Netherlands	case
25	as	as	ADP	_	24 such	fixed
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 Netherlands	det
27	Netherlands	Netherlands	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 places	nmod
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 Bangladesh	punct
29	Bangladesh	Bangladesh	PROPN	Number=Sing	27 Netherlands	conj
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 islands	cc
31	islands	island	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 places	conj
32	like	like	ADP	_	33 Tuvalu	case
33	Tuvalu	tuvalu	PROPN	Number=Sing	31 islands	nmod
34	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	21 puts	advmod
35	at	at	ADP	_	36 risk	case
36	risk	risk	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 puts	obl
37	;	;	PUNCT	_	38 melting	punct
38	melting	melt	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	42 raises	csubj
39	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 melting	obj
40	on	on	ADP	_	41 land	case
41	land	land	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 ice	nmod
42	raises	raise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	21 puts	parataxis
43	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	44 sea	det
44	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	42 raises	obj
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 pushes	punct
46	but	but	CCONJ	_	51 pushes	cc
47	floating	float	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	49 ice	amod
48	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 ice	compound
49	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 pushes	nsubj
50	already	already	ADV	_	51 pushes	advmod
51	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	42 raises	conj
52	aside	aside	ADV	_	51 pushes	advmod
53	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	55 weight	nmod:poss
54	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	55 weight	amod
55	weight	weight	NOUN	Number=Sing	51 pushes	obj
56	of	of	ADP	_	57 water	case
57	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	55 weight	nmod
58	,	,	PUNCT	_	63 does	punct
59	so	so	ADV	_	63 does	advmod
60	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	61 melting	nmod:poss
61	melting	melting	NOUN	Number=Sing	63 does	nsubj
62	barely	barely	ADV	_	63 does	advmod
63	does	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 risen	conj
64	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 risen	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rise	present · perfect · passive	20 centimetres	Sea level		since 1900		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location subject=Theme
2	rise	present · progressive	level			now		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	put	present		low places and islands like Tuvalu	risk		such the Netherlands and Bangladesh	vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent place=Theme at risk=Destination
4	melt	gerund		ice	land			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient ice=Result
5	raise	present	melting	the sea				vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sea=Theme
6	float	gerund						vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
7	push	present	floating sea ice	level's own weight of water			aside property	vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weight=Theme
8	do	present	level's melting				barely property	vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
9	melt		level					nom melting «process transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:023-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate.lesson:18.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/23-weather-storms-and-the-changing-climate/18/