Food and farming around the world, sentence 11
After 1492 plants and animals crossed the Atlantic in both directions, which historians call the Columbian Exchange.
Who acts: plants, historians · What happens: cross, call · To what, where: Atlantic, directions · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Food and farming around the world» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plants, historians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 2 1492 | case |
| 2 | 1492 | 1492 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 crossed | obl |
| 3 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 crossed | nsubj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 animals | cc |
| 5 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 plants | conj |
| 6 | crossed | cross | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 Atlantic | det |
| 8 | Atlantic | Atlantic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 crossed | obj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 directions | case |
| 10 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 directions | det |
| 11 | directions | direction | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 crossed | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 directions | punct |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 call | obj |
| 14 | historians | historian | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 call | nsubj |
| 15 | call | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 directions | acl:relcl |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 Exchange | det |
| 17 | Columbian | Columbian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Exchange | compound |
| 18 | Exchange | Exchange | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 call | obj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 crossed | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cross | past | plants and animals | the Atlantic | after 1492 | in both directions | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent atlantic=Patient in direction=Topic | ||
| 2 | call | present | historians | both directions | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme exchange=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:026-food-and-farming-around-the-world.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/26-food-and-farming-around-the-world/11/