Igneous rocks and the rock cycle, sentence 1
How fast the rock cools decides how big its crystals are: slow cooling deep down gives big crystals, quick cooling in the air gives tiny ones, and very quick cooling gives glass with none.
Who acts: rock cools, crystals, slow cooling, quick cooling · What happens: decide, be, give · To what, where: big crystals, tiny ones, glass · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Igneous rocks and the rock cycle» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rock cools, crystals, slow cooling, quick cooling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 2 fast | advmod |
| 2 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 6 decides | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 cools | det |
| 4 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cools | compound |
| 5 | cools | cool | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 decides | nsubj |
| 6 | decides | decide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 big | advmod |
| 8 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 decides | ccomp |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 crystals | nmod:poss |
| 10 | crystals | crystal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 big | nsubj |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 big | cop |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 cooling | punct |
| 13 | slow | slow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 cooling | amod |
| 14 | cooling | cooling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 gives | nsubj |
| 15 | deep | deep | ADV | _ | 16 down | advmod |
| 16 | down | down | ADV | _ | 14 cooling | advmod |
| 17 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 decides | parataxis |
| 18 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 crystals | amod |
| 19 | crystals | crystal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 gives | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 gives | punct |
| 21 | quick | quick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 cooling | amod |
| 22 | cooling | cooling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 gives | nsubj |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 air | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 air | det |
| 25 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 cooling | nmod |
| 26 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 gives | conj |
| 27 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 ones | amod |
| 28 | ones | one | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 gives | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 gives | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 gives | cc |
| 31 | very | very | ADV | _ | 32 quick | advmod |
| 32 | quick | quick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 cooling | amod |
| 33 | cooling | cooling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 gives | nsubj |
| 34 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 gives | conj |
| 35 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 gives | obj |
| 36 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 none | case |
| 37 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 35 glass | nmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 decides | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | decide | present | the rock cools | fast property | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is | present | eruption's crystals | big property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | give | present | slow cooling | big crystals | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crystal=Theme | ||||
| 4 | give | present | quick cooling in the air | tiny ones | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme | ||||
| 5 | give | present | quick cooling | glass | with none | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:048-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/48-igneous-rocks-and-the-rock-cycle/1/