Soil, sentence 12
Soil texture depends on how much sand, silt (grains finer than sand) and clay it has; clay holds water and drains badly, sand drains at once, and loam, a balanced mix, is the best for farming.
Who acts: Soil texture, texture, clay, sand, loam · What happens: depend, have, hold, drain, balance, be · To what, where: clay, water
This is a sentence of the lesson «Soil» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Soil texture, texture, clay, sand), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 texture | compound |
| 2 | texture | texture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 depends | nsubj |
| 3 | depends | depend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 sand | case |
| 5 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 6 much | advmod |
| 6 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 sand | amod |
| 7 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 depends | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 silt | punct |
| 9 | silt | silt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 sand | conj |
| 10 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 12 finer | punct |
| 11 | grains | grain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 finer | nsubj |
| 12 | finer | finer | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 9 silt | acl |
| 13 | than | than | ADP | _ | 14 sand | case |
| 14 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 finer | obl |
| 15 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 finer | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 clay | cc |
| 17 | clay | clay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 sand | conj |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 has | nsubj |
| 19 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 clay | acl:relcl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 holds | punct |
| 21 | clay | clay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 holds | nsubj |
| 22 | holds | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 depends | parataxis |
| 23 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 holds | obj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 drains | cc |
| 25 | drains | drain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 holds | conj |
| 26 | badly | badly | ADV | Degree=Pos | 25 drains | advmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 drains | punct |
| 28 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 drains | nsubj |
| 29 | drains | drain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 holds | conj |
| 30 | at | at | ADP | _ | 31 once | case |
| 31 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 29 drains | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 best | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 loam | cc |
| 34 | loam | loam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 best | nsubj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 mix | punct |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 mix | det |
| 37 | balanced | balance | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 mix | amod |
| 38 | mix | mix | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 loam | appos |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 best | punct |
| 40 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 best | cop |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 best | det |
| 42 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 3 depends | parataxis |
| 43 | for | for | ADP | _ | 44 farming | case |
| 44 | farming | farming | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 best | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 depends | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | depend | present | Soil texture | on much sand and silt and clay | vn rely-70 «NP V PP.theme S_ING»: agent=Agent on sand=Theme | ||||
| 2 | have | present | texture | clay not said here | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clay=Patient | ||||
| 3 | hold | present | clay | water | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme | ||||
| 4 | drain | present | clay not said here | badly property | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP.Source V»: agent=Source | ||||
| 5 | drain | present | sand | vn clear-10.3-1 «NP.Source V»: agent=Source | |||||
| 6 | balance | participle | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 7 | is | present | loam | for farming; good property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:056-soil.lesson:12.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/56-soil/12/