Europe: countries and capitals, sentence 16
Portugal's capital is Lisbon, and Portugal's land border with Spain has stayed almost unchanged since a treaty in 1297, among the oldest in Europe; its only land neighbour was the bigger kingdom of Castile, so Portugal grew by sea.
Who acts: capital, land border, only land neighbour, Portugal · What happens: be, stay, grow · To what, where: Lisbon, oldest, bigger kingdom
This is a sentence of the lesson «Europe: countries and capitals» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (capital, land border, only land neighbour, Portugal), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Portugal | Portugal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 capital | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Portugal | case |
| 3 | capital | capital | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 Lisbon | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 Lisbon | cop |
| 5 | Lisbon | Lisbon | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 stayed | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 border | cc |
| 8 | Portugal | Portugal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 border | nmod:poss |
| 9 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 8 Portugal | case |
| 10 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 border | compound |
| 11 | border | border | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 stayed | nsubj |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 Spain | case |
| 13 | Spain | Spain | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 border | nmod |
| 14 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 stayed | aux |
| 15 | stayed | stay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 Lisbon | conj |
| 16 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 17 unchanged | advmod |
| 17 | unchanged | unchanged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 stayed | xcomp |
| 18 | since | since | ADP | _ | 20 treaty | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 treaty | det |
| 20 | treaty | treaty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 stayed | obl |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 1297 | case |
| 22 | 1297 | 1297 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 20 treaty | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 oldest | punct |
| 24 | among | among | ADP | _ | 26 oldest | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 oldest | det |
| 26 | oldest | old | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 15 stayed | obl |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 Europe | case |
| 28 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 oldest | obl |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 kingdom | punct |
| 30 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 neighbour | nmod:poss |
| 31 | only | only | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 neighbour | amod |
| 32 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 neighbour | compound |
| 33 | neighbour | neighbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 kingdom | nsubj |
| 34 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 kingdom | cop |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 kingdom | det |
| 36 | bigger | big | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 37 kingdom | amod |
| 37 | kingdom | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 stayed | parataxis |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 Castile | case |
| 39 | Castile | Castile | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 kingdom | nmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 grew | punct |
| 41 | so | so | ADV | _ | 43 grew | advmod |
| 42 | Portugal | Portugal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 grew | nsubj |
| 43 | grew | grow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 stayed | conj |
| 44 | by | by | ADP | _ | 45 sea | case |
| 45 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 grew | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 Lisbon | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Portugal's capital | Lisbon | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | stay | present · perfect | Portugal's land border with Spain | the oldest | since a treaty in 1297 | unchanged property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among old=Location | ||
| 3 | is a | past | border's only land neighbour | the bigger kingdom | of Castile | tree rules | |||
| 4 | grow | past | Portugal | by sea | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by sea=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:geography:007-europe-countries-and-capitals.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/geography/7-europe-countries-and-capitals/16/