Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 12
And the Ram, who could not help himself, came to the Bull and said, “Brother, let me in.”
Who acts: Ram, Brother · What happens: not help, come, say, let in · To what, where: Ram · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ram, Brother), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 came | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Ram | det |
| 3 | Ram | Ram | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 came | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 help | punct |
| 5 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 help | nsubj |
| 6 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 8 help | aux |
| 7 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 help | advmod |
| 8 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 Ram | parataxis |
| 9 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 8 help | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 Ram | punct |
| 11 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 Bull | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Bull | det |
| 14 | Bull | bull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 came | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 said | cc |
| 16 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 came | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 let | punct |
| 18 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 let | punct |
| 19 | Brother | brother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 let | nsubj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 Brother | punct |
| 21 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 said | ccomp |
| 22 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 21 let | obj |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 let | compound:prt |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 let | punct |
| 25 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 let | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not help | could | the Ram | Ram | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Beneficiary | ||||
| 2 | come | past | the Ram | to the Bull | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to bull=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | the Ram not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | let in in a quote | infinitive | Brother | the Ram = ram | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/31/12/