Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 72
Then Ilyá Múromets began to lay low the Saracen host with his lance of steel, and he routed all of the pagan host and took the Tsarévich of the Saracens captive and led him into the city of Chernígov.
Who acts: Ilyá Múromets, host · What happens: begin, lay, rout, take, lead · To what, where: Saracen host, all, Tsarévich, host, city
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ilyá Múromets, host), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 began | advmod |
| 2 | Ilyá | Ilyá | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Múromets | compound |
| 3 | Múromets | Múromet | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 began | nsubj |
| 4 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 lay | mark |
| 6 | lay | lay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 began | xcomp |
| 7 | low | low | ADV | Degree=Pos | 6 lay | advmod |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 host | det |
| 9 | Saracen | Saracen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 host | compound |
| 10 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 lay | obj |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 lance | case |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 lance | nmod:poss |
| 13 | lance | lance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 host | nmod |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 steel | case |
| 15 | steel | steel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 lance | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 routed | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 routed | cc |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 routed | nsubj |
| 19 | routed | rout | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 began | conj |
| 20 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 19 routed | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 host | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 host | det |
| 23 | pagan | pagan | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 host | amod |
| 24 | host | host | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 all | nmod |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 took | cc |
| 26 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 routed | conj |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Tsarévich | det |
| 28 | Tsarévich | Tsarévich | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 took | obj |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Saracens | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Saracens | det |
| 31 | Saracens | saracen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 Tsarévich | nmod |
| 32 | captive | captive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 took | xcomp |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 led | cc |
| 34 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 took | conj |
| 35 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 led | obj |
| 36 | into | into | ADP | _ | 38 city | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 city | det |
| 38 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 led | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 Chernígov | case |
| 40 | Chernígov | Chernígov | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 city | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | Ilyá Múromets | then | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | lay | to-infinitive | Ilyá Múromets not said here | the Saracen host | with host's lance of steel; low property | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent host=Result | |||
| 3 | rout | past | host | all of the pagan host | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | take | past | host not said here | the Tsarévich of the Saracens | captive property | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument tsarévich=Destination | |||
| 5 | lead | past | host not said here | host | the city of Chernígov | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme into city=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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