Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 5, sentence 109
They had only to say, “Fool, go and fetch this!” or “Fool, come and look here!”
Who acts: cows · What happens: have, say, go, fetch, come, look · To what, where: this · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cows), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | only | only | ADV | _ | 5 say | advmod |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 say | mark |
| 5 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 had | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Fool | punct |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 Fool | punct |
| 8 | Fool | fool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 say | vocative |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 go | punct |
| 10 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 say | conj |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 fetch | cc |
| 12 | fetch | fetch | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 5 say | conj |
| 13 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 12 fetch | obj |
| 14 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 12 fetch | punct |
| 15 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 fetch | punct |
| 16 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 18 Fool | cc |
| 17 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 Fool | punct |
| 18 | Fool | fool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 fetch | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 come | punct |
| 20 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 say | ccomp |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 look | cc |
| 22 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 come | conj |
| 23 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 22 look | advmod |
| 24 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 20 come | punct |
| 25 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 20 come | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | cows = cow | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | say speech: express | to-infinitive | cows = cow not said here | Fool vocative | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | go in a quote | infinitive | cows = cow not said here | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | fetch in a quote | infinitive | cows = cow not said here | this | Fool conj | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Theme | |||
| 5 | come in a quote | infinitive | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | look in a quote | infinitive | here | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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